Morphogenetic Study on the Maturation of Osteoblastic Cell as Induced by Inorganic Polyphosphate

Abstract

Since inorganic polyphosphates [poly(P)] have an activity to induce bone differenciation in vitro and in vivo, we examined an effect of poly(P) on organelle by light microscopy and electron microscopy in Murine MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. The MC3T3-E1 cells were ultrastructurally observed to possess morphological characteristics of osteoblasts. Cells cultured with poly(P) were strongly stained with an anti-collagen type I antibody but not in those cultured without poly(P). Ultrastructural analysis of cells cultured with poly(P) revealed a well-developed Golgi apparatus, swollen and elongated rough endoplasmic reticulum, large mitochondria and many coated pits. Since MC3T3-E1 cells can be transformed from a resting phase to an active blastic cell phase after supplementation with poly(P), it implies that poly(P) can be an effective material for bone regeneration.

Amorphous Ca2+ polyphosphate nanoparticles regulate the ATP level in bone-like SaOS-2 cells

“…Also, the potential involvement of the hormones leptin and insulin gives only an answer on the involvement of the regulatory molecules (Long, 2012;Turner et al, 2013). Compelling evidence is available that favors the concept that polyPs are polymers that participate in bone formation (Tsutsumi et al, 2014;reviewed in Wang et al, 2014a). Therefore, it was pressing to investigate whether polyP, with its energy-rich phosphate anhydride linkages, can serve as a free-energy donor.…”

“…The first indication that the free-energy that is conserved in the anhydride linkages of polyP is connected with the biochemical and/ or metabolic status of the polyP-exposed cells has been recently published (Tsutsumi et al, 2014). The data obtained by using murine MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells reveals that, after exposure of those cells to polyP, a change in the cell morphology occurs as the result of the formation of a well-developed Golgi, the activation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, as well as the appearance of large mitochondria.…”

Retraction：Polyphosphate-induced matrix metalloproteinase-13 is required for osteoblast-like cell differentiation in human adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells

“…Concentrations of Poly(P) are shown in terms of phosphate residues (27). As a control, sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.9) was used instead of Poly(P).…”

Retraction: Polyphosphate-induced matrix metalloproteinase-3-mediated proliferation in rat dental pulp fibroblast-like cells is mediated by a Wnt5 signaling cascade

“…Concentrations of Poly(P) are shown in terms of phosphate residues (6,7). Twenty grams of sodium tripolyphosphate was dissolved in 200 mL distilled water, 32 mL of 96% ethanol was added to the solution, and the precipitate was collected as Poly(P).…”

“…The most studied and well-known role of Poly(P) is the promotion of intracellular calcification (4). Poly(P) induces alkaline phosphate activity and up-regulates osteopontin and osteocalcin gene expression in osteoblastic cells (5,6).…”