Morphogenetic rearrangement of injected collagen in developing chicken limb buds.

Stopak, David; Wessells, Norman K.; Harris, Albert K.

doi:10.1073/pnas.82.9.2804

Cited by 73 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The latter require target cell synthesis of a second 'effector' protein. 3. The majority (59%) of the endothelial cell-secreted contraction promoting activity can be attributed to endothelin 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extracellular matrix contraction by fibroblasts: Peptide promoters and second messengers

Guidry

1992

Cancer Metast Rev

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Cells contracting connective tissue matrices generate tractional forces in tissues. Studies of fibroblast contraction, using collagen gels in an in vitro model, demonstrate that it involves the actin cytoskeleton, specific extracellular matrix receptors and requires stimulation by exogenous promoters. Fibroblast contraction is stimulated by factors released by platelets and potentially secreted within the contracting tissue. Endothelial cells secrete a potent promoter of fibroblast contraction which has been identified as endothelin 1. The pathway through which fibroblast contraction is stimulated appears to require activation of protein kinase C. Tumor cells can also secrete endothelin. These mechanisms may be relevant to tumor progression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other wound-related contractile events which are probably mechanistically similar include tendonous contracture and corneal scarring [1]. There is also evidence to suggest that similar forces are active in aligning connective tissue elements in embryonic development [2,3] and may be of relevance to tumor invasion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular matrix contraction by fibroblasts: Peptide promoters and second messengers

Guidry

1992

Cancer Metast Rev

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“…It must be observed that the orientation of the tissue (the mean direction of cells and fiber bundles) at very early stages is an important component of morphogenesis [126,[170][171][172]. Stopak et al [170] show the crucial fact that ". .…”

Section: Discussion Of He Biomechanical Origin Of Limbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clarifying tetrapod embryogenesis, a physicist's point of view

Fleury

2009

Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.

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Abstract. The origin of tetrapods is a complex question that webs together genetic, paleontological, developmental and physical facts. Basically, the development of embryos is described by a complex mix of mechanical movements and biochemical inductions of genetic origin. It is difficult to sort out in this scientific question what are the fundamental features imposed by conservation laws of physics, and by force equilibria, and what can be ascribed to successive, very specific, stop-and-go inductions of genetic nature. A posteriori, evolution selects the parameters of this process as found in the observed species. Whether there is a general law to animal formation seems out of the question. However, several concepts developed in biology, like the concept of "organizer" seem questionable from a physics point of view, since the entire deformation and force field should be the "organizer" of development, and one can hardly ascribe such a role to a single small area of the embryo body. In the same spirit, the concept of "positional information" encapsulated in concentration of chemicals seems questionable since the deformation and force fields in embryonic tissues are tensors. Finally, the concept of a development organized in space along three orthogonal ("Cartesian") axes associated to chemical gradients seems also questionable, since early embryo development is driven by complex vortex fields, with hyperbolic trajectories which span the entire embryo. Such hyperbolic trajectories are best understood by a description in terms of dipolar components of the morphogenetic forces, whose projections along orthogonal axes have no specific meaning except as a mathematical tool. I review here the present state of description of several aspects of tetrapods morphogenesis and evolution, from the point of view of physics. It is getting clear that several basic features of tetrapods body are a direct consequences of fundamental laws of physics. Several lines of work reviewed here show that the topology of the tetrapods may be directly related to the structure of the earliest movements in embryos. The bio-mechanical approach leads to important consequences for the constraints on evolution of the craniates. Such consequences have received a controversial welcome in the last decade, although they may encapsulate the true origin of craniates, esp. simians, and eventually homo.

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“…During embryonic development, physical forces exerted by mesenchymal cells organize extracellular matrix into a wide variety of spatial patterns whose mechanical properties lend structural support and give form and organization to vertebrate tissue (Bard and Hay 1975, Bard and Higginson 1977, Stopak and Harris 1982, Stopak et al 1985. Similarly, wound contraction and remodeling of connective tissue matrix are the result of mechanical interactions between fibroblasts and collagen fibrils (Ehrlich 1988, Gabbiani et al 1972, Martin 1997.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dynamic three‐dimensional visualization of collagen matrix remodeling and cytoskeletal organization in living corneal fibroblasts

Petroll¹,

Cavanagh²,

Jester³

2004

Scanning

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The remodeling of extracellular matrices by cells plays a defining role in developmental morphogenesis and wound healing, as well as in tissue engineering. Three-dimensional (3-D) type I collagen matrices have been used extensively as an in vitro model for studying cell-induced matrix reorganization at the macroscopic level. However, few studies have directly assessed the dynamic process of 3-D matrix remodeling at the cellular and subcellular level. We recently developed an experimental model for investigating cell-matrix mechanical interactions by plating green fluorescen protein (GFP)-zyxin transfected cells inside fibrillar collagen matrices and performing high-magnification time-lapse differential interference microscopy (DIC) and wide-field fluorescent imaging. In this study, we extend this experimental model by performing four-dimensional (4-D) reflected light and fluorescent confocal imaging (using either visible light or multiphoton excitation) of living corneal fibroblasts transfected to express GFP-zyxin or GFP-alpha-actinin, 18 h after plating inside 3-D collagen matrices. Reflected light confocal imaging allowed detailed visualization of the cells and the fibrillar collagen surrounding them. By overlaying maximum intensity projections of reflected light and GFP-zyxin or GFP-alpha-actinin images and generating stereo pair reconstructions, 3-D interactions between focal adhesions and collagen fibrils in living cells could be visualized directly. Focal adhesions were generally oriented parallel to the direction of collagen fibril alignment in front of the cell. Killing the cells induced relaxation of transient cell-induced tension on the matrix; however, significant permanent remodeling always remained. Time-lapse 3-D imaging demonstrated an active response to the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632, as indicated by cell elongation, extracellular matrix relaxation, and extension of pseudopodial processes. It is interesting that, at higher cell densities, groups of collagen fibrils were compacted and aligned into straps between neighboring cells. Overall, the continued development and application of this new approach should provide important insights into the basic underlying biochemical and biomechanical regulatory mechanisms controlling matrix remodeling by corneal fibroblasts.

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Morphogenetic rearrangement of injected collagen in developing chicken limb buds.

Cited by 73 publications

References 30 publications

Extracellular matrix contraction by fibroblasts: Peptide promoters and second messengers

Extracellular matrix contraction by fibroblasts: Peptide promoters and second messengers

Clarifying tetrapod embryogenesis, a physicist's point of view

Dynamic three‐dimensional visualization of collagen matrix remodeling and cytoskeletal organization in living corneal fibroblasts

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