Morphogenesis of the Polarized Epithelial Cell Phenotype

Rodríguez-Boulan, Enrique; Nelson, W. James

doi:10.1126/science.2672330

Cited by 1,034 publications

(603 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…Tight junction formation is critical for polarized epithelial cells carrying out specific vectorial transport functions of absorption and secretion (14), and maintaining the protein and lipid differences between apical and basolateral membrane domains (15). Although we did not study tight junction formation in the present study, previous electron microscopic and freeze-fracture studies of full term human placentas have shown the presence of the tight junction (zonulae occludente and maculae occludente) structure within apical invaginations of the syncytiotrophoblastic layer (16,17), which support the concept that placental syncytiotrophoblasts are polarized epithelial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predominant Basal Directional Release of Thromboxane, but not Prostacyclin, by Placental Trophoblasts from Normal and Preeclamptic Pregnancies

Zhao

Lewis

et al. 2008

Placenta

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Objective-To investigate apical and basal releases of thromboxane (TX) and prostacyclin (PGI2) by trophoblasts (TCs) from normal and preeclamptic (PE) placentas.Methods-TCs isolated from normal and PE placentas were incubated in cell culture inserts for 48hrs. Medium from the upper (apical) and the lower (basal) chambers were then collected separately and measured for TX and PGI2 by their stable metabolites of TXB2 and 6-keto PGF1α by ELISA. Apical and basal releases of TX and PGI were also examined with apical exposure of TCs to arachidonic acid (AA)+/-aspirin at different concentrations. Villous tissue expressions for PGI synthase, TX synthase and TX (TP) receptor were examined by immunohistochemistry.Results-1) TXB2, but not 6-keto PGF1α, concentrations were significantly higher in the lower than in the upper chambers with both normal and PE TCs (p<0.01); 2) apical exposure of TCs to AA resulted in a significant increase in TX releases towards both the upper and the lower chambers in normal TCs (p<0.01), but only a significant increase in the upper chamber in PE TCs (p < 0.01); 3) aspirin could attenuate AA-induced TX release both in the upper and the lower chambers in normal, but not in PE, TCs (p<0.01), respectively; 4) there were no differences in 6-keto PGF1α productions both in normal and PE TCs treated with AA +/− aspirin; 5) intense staining of TX synthase and TP receptor was seen in syncytiotrophoblast layer, villous core vessels and stromal cells in preeclamptic placental tissue sections.Conclusion-Predominant basal release of TX together with intense staining of TX synthase and TP receptor in trophoblasts, stromal cells and villous core vessels are found in placentas from PE. We speculate if predominant basal release of TX by TCs occurs in vivo as we found in our in vitro culture condition, basal released TX may play a significant role in increased placental vasoconstriction such as in PE.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predominant Basal Directional Release of Thromboxane, but not Prostacyclin, by Placental Trophoblasts from Normal and Preeclamptic Pregnancies

Zhao

Lewis

et al. 2008

Placenta

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“…Both secretion and delivery of proteins to the plasma membrane are very much more complex in polarized cells [47][48][49]. Polarization is an issue not only for the constitutive pathway, but also for regulated secretion from both epithelial cells and, most notably, exocrine cells [20,40], as well as from some endocrine cells, including the pancreatic B cell [50].…”

Section: Protein Secretory Pathways: a General Outline Leader And Leamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorting and processing of secretory proteins

Halban

Irminger

1994

Biochemical Journal

307

226

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“…The establishment and maintenance of cell polarity requires cell-substratum attachment, formation of intercellular contacts and junctions, polarized cytoskeletal networks, and specialized membrane transport pathways (Rodriguez-Boulan and Nelson, 1989). Epithelialization would expectedly involve the reorganization of a ubiquitous expression of cell surface proteins on mesenchymal cells to a more restricted distribution in line with more specialized functions that are required for vectorial transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory effects of ouabain on early heart development and cardiomyogenesis in the chick embryo

Linask

Gui

1995

Developmental Dynamics

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Pericardial cavity formation and epithelialization of the cardiac precursor cell population constitute a critical developmental period that precedes stable cardiac cell commitment and differentiation. These events delineate the myocardial and endocardia1 precursor population in the embryo. Restriction of NaK-ATPase (the sodium pump) expression to the pre-cardiomyocyte lateral membranes coincides with these events. NaK-ATPase has been implicated developmentally in cavitation and in maintaining membrane potential. Experiments were undertaken to determine if the effects of perturbing sodium pump activity will affect pericardial cavity formation and, in turn, whether heart formation andor cardiac cell commitment will be affected. We incubated whole chick embryos in vitro between stages 5 to 8 in the presence of the highly specific N d KATPase inhibitor ouabain. Exposure of whole embryos to 10 I.IM ouabain M) demonstrated that heart development and precardiomyocyte differentiation are inhibited principally between stage 5 through stage 7. In each stage the degree of inhibition follows a rostrocaudal gradient as development proceeds along the anterior to posterior axis. After stage 8 ouabain no longer affects heart development or cardiomyogenesis. The inhibition is concentration-and developmental stage-dependent. The inhibition is reversible by elevating the outside potassium ion concentration [KO] in the culture medium or by transferring the embryos into normal medium minus ouabain even after 20 hr of ouabain exposure. The results also suggest that the regulation of the formation of the three-dimensional organ is independent from regulation of myogenesis. 0 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Morphogenesis of the Polarized Epithelial Cell Phenotype

Cited by 1,034 publications

References 138 publications

Predominant Basal Directional Release of Thromboxane, but not Prostacyclin, by Placental Trophoblasts from Normal and Preeclamptic Pregnancies

Predominant Basal Directional Release of Thromboxane, but not Prostacyclin, by Placental Trophoblasts from Normal and Preeclamptic Pregnancies

Sorting and processing of secretory proteins

Inhibitory effects of ouabain on early heart development and cardiomyogenesis in the chick embryo

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