Morphogenesis and renewal of cone outer segments

Eckmiller, Marion Sangster

doi:10.1016/s1350-9462(96)00026-2

Cited by 27 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 75 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Cette croissance se fait par évagination de la membrane au niveau du cil connecteur article externe-article interne, avec des modalités différentes pour les cônes et les bâtonnets [Eckmiller M, 1997].…”

Section: Jonction Article Externe-article Interne Article Interneunclassified

Iii-1 : La Retine : Organisation Schematique

Rigaudière¹

2012

Oeil Et Physiologie De La Vision

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Jonction Article Externe-article Interne Article Interneunclassified

Iii-1 : La Retine : Organisation Schematique

Rigaudière¹

2012

Oeil Et Physiologie De La Vision

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…During OS renewal [Young, 1976;Roof, 1986;Bok, 1994] in amphibian photoreceptors the ciliary axoneme is replaced in cones but apparently not replaced in rods, as the immunofluorescent axoneme extends only part of the way to the distal end of the rod outer segment (ROS) and is not lost during ROS shedding [Eckmiller, 1992[Eckmiller, , 1996[Eckmiller, , 1997. Microtubules had long been suspected to be present at the incisures of ROS because structures resembling microtubules were occasionally observed at ROS incisures in the retinas of several vertebrates, including monkeys and humans [Hogan et al, 1971;Young, 1971;Steinberg and Wood, 1975;Roof et al, 1991].…”

Section: Association Of Kinesin With Microtubules In Diverse Cytoskelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microtubules had long been suspected to be present at the incisures of ROS because structures resembling microtubules were occasionally observed at ROS incisures in the retinas of several vertebrates, including monkeys and humans [Hogan et al, 1971;Young, 1971;Steinberg and Wood, 1975;Roof et al, 1991]. Until recently, the axoneme was the only structure within vertebrate photoreceptor OS shown to have tubulin immunoreactivity, and thus to contain microtubules [Nagle et al, 1986;Roof, 1986;Kaplan et al, 1987;Roof et al, 1991;Eckmiller, 1993aEckmiller, , 1996Eckmiller, , 1997. In many vertebrate retinas, rods have longer OS than cones and it was unclear how the distal portion of ROS could be mechanically stable, without supporting axonemal microtubules.…”

Section: Association Of Kinesin With Microtubules In Diverse Cytoskelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was clarified when ROS in amphibian retinas were found to have an additional cytoskeletal system, which contained microtubules and extended to the distal end of the OS, at their multiple incisures [Eckmiller, 1993a[Eckmiller, , 1995[Eckmiller, , 1996[Eckmiller, , 1997. The OS of rod photoreceptors in many vertebrate retinas have multiple incisures, i.e., there are numerous regularly spaced indentations around the edge of the ROS discs and in the overlying plasma membrane [Young, 1971;Borwein, 1981;Corless and McCaslin, 1984;Corless et al, 1987;Tsukamoto, 1987].…”

Section: Association Of Kinesin With Microtubules In Diverse Cytoskelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are 20-30 incisures per ROS in amphibian rods, and 7-12 incisures per ROS in human rods. Examining the cytoskeleton of amphibian photoreceptors using modified immunocytochemical and ultrastructural methods, Eckmiller [1993aEckmiller [ , 1995Eckmiller [ , 1996Eckmiller [ , 1997 found lines of tubulin immunoreactivity and an orderly array of closely spaced, longitudinally oriented microtubules in the cytoplasm at the incisures of ROS, but no analogous structures in the OS of cones (see fig. 2).…”

Section: Association Of Kinesin With Microtubules In Diverse Cytoskelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Association of Kinesin with Microtubules in Diverse Cytoskeletal Systems in the Outer Segments of Rods and Cones

Eckmiller

Toman²

1998

Cells Tissues Organs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The membranous outer segments of vertebrate photoreceptors are supported by cytoskeletons consisting of microtubules and associated proteins, which occur as the ciliary axoneme in rods and cones, and as a separate cytoskeletal system at the incisures of rod outer segments. We performed an immunocytochemical study of the cytoskeleton in photoreceptors isolated from amphibian retinas and found that immunoreactivity to the heavy chain of the motor protein kinesin was closely associated with the microtubules in each of these outer segment cytoskeletal systems. In the outer segments of cones, kinesin heavy chain immunoreactivity was confined to a streak at the axoneme that extended to the outer segment tip. In the outer segments of rods, kinesin heavy chain immunoreactivity was found as both a short streak at the axoneme and a series of long parallel lines that coincided with the microtubules at rod outer segment incisures. Our findings constitute the first report of kinesin in the axoneme of cones and at the incisures of rods. Closely associated with microtubules, kinesin in photoreceptor outer segment axonemes and at rod outer segment incisures can transport materials longitudinally along the microtubules and/or connect these with each other and/or with other components. Because these cytoskeletal systems differ in fundamental ways, kinesin can play different roles in each case, e.g., kinesin at rod outer segment incisures can have structural and functional roles that are unique to rods. These findings may have clinical relevance because similar cytoskeletal systems are expected to occur in the outer segments of human photoreceptors; thus, a disturbance involving kinesin in the cytoskeletal systems at photoreceptor axonemes and/or at rod outer segment incisures could interfere with the normal structure and function of photoreceptors and contribute to human photoreceptor degenerations.

show abstract

Degeneration and regeneration of ultraviolet cone photoreceptors during development in rainbow trout

Allison

Dann

Veldhoen

et al. 2006

J of Comparative Neurology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ultraviolet-sensitive (UVS) cones disappear from the retina of salmonid fishes during a metamorphosis that prepares them for deeper/marine waters. UVS cones subsequently reappear in the retina near sexual maturation and the return migration to natal streams. Cellular mechanisms of this UVS cone ontogeny were investigated using electroretinograms, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry against opsins during and after thyroid hormone (TH) treatments of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Increasing TH levels led to UVS cone degeneration. Labeling demonstrated that UVS cone degeneration occurs via programmed cell death and caspase inhibitors can inhibit this death. After the cessation of TH treatment, UVS cones regenerated in the retina. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was applied after the termination of TH treatment and was detected in the nuclei of cells expressing UVS opsin. BrdU was found in UVS cones but not other cone types. The most parsimonious explanation for the data is that UVS cones degenerated and UVS cones were regenerated from intrinsic retinal progenitor cells. Regenerating UVS cones were functionally integrated such that they were able to elicit electrical responses from second-order neurons. This is the first report of cones regenerating during natural development. Both the death and regeneration of cones in retinae represent novel mechanisms for tuning visual systems to new visual tasks or environments.

show abstract

Morphogenesis and renewal of cone outer segments

Cited by 27 publications

References 75 publications

Iii-1 : La Retine : Organisation Schematique

Iii-1 : La Retine : Organisation Schematique

Association of Kinesin with Microtubules in Diverse Cytoskeletal Systems in the Outer Segments of Rods and Cones

Degeneration and regeneration of ultraviolet cone photoreceptors during development in rainbow trout

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About