Morphogenesis and molecular phylogeny of a freshwater ciliate, Oxytricha multilineata n. sp. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia)

Jin, Didi; Li, Lina; Lyu, Jing; Warren, Alan; Shao, Chen

doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125864

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Among ciliates, the subclass Hypotrichia represents an evolutionary pinnacle with complicated and specialized ciliary structures [ 8 , 13 , 14 ], all of which could degenerate during encystment and recover when excysting [ 4 , 15 ], making them ideal organisms for studying encystment [ 1 , 3 , 16 ]. With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technologies, genomic sequencing and comparison analyses of ciliates have become effective methods to provide insights into above questions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decryption of the survival “black box”: gene family expansion promotes the encystment in ciliated protists

Jin,

Li,

Chen

et al. 2024

BMC Genomics

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Background Encystment is an important survival strategy extensively employed by microbial organisms to survive unfavorable conditions. Single-celled ciliated protists (ciliates) are popular model eukaryotes for studying encystment, whereby these cells degenerate their ciliary structures and develop cyst walls, then reverse the process under more favorable conditions. However, to date, the evolutionary basis and mechanism for encystment in ciliates is largely unknown. With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technologies, genome sequencing and comparative genomics of ciliates have become effective methods to provide insights into above questions. Results Here, we profiled the MAC genome of Pseudourostyla cristata, a model hypotrich ciliate for encystment studies. Like other hypotrich MAC genomes, the P. cristata MAC genome is extremely fragmented with a single gene on most chromosomes, and encodes introns that are generally small and lack a conserved branch point for pre-mRNA splicing. Gene family expansion analyses indicate that multiple gene families involved in the encystment are expanded during the evolution of P. cristata. Furthermore, genomic comparisons with other five representative hypotrichs indicate that gene families of phosphorelay sensor kinase, which play a role in the two-component signal transduction system that is related to encystment, show significant expansion among all six hypotrichs. Additionally, cyst wall-related chitin synthase genes have experienced structural changes that increase them from single-exon to multi-exon genes during evolution. These genomic features potentially promote the encystment in hypotrichs and enhance their ability to survive in adverse environments during evolution. Conclusions We systematically investigated the genomic structure of hypotrichs and key evolutionary phenomenon, gene family expansion, for encystment promotion in ciliates. In summary, our results provided insights into the evolutionary mechanism of encystment in ciliates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decryption of the survival “black box”: gene family expansion promotes the encystment in ciliated protists

Jin,

Li,

Chen

et al. 2024

BMC Genomics

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“…silvers-staining and gene sequencing, the situation mentioned above has been improved [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. As body generally dorsoventrally attened and cirri distinctly differentiated, members of subclass Hypotrichia Stein, 1859 have been a major focus of ciliates' taxonomists [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40].…”

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confidence: 99%

Integrative data of an unknown ciliate (Alveolata, Ciliophora) propose the establishment of Caudidiodeviata nov. gen.

Liao,

Jiang,

2023

Preprint

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Background As unicellular eukaryotes, ciliates are an indispensable component of ecosystems that play the role of intermediate nutrition link between bacteria or algae and meifauna. Recent faunistic surveys have discovered many new taxa of hypotrich ciliates, indicating their diversity is greater than previously thought. Here we document an undescribed form isolated from an artificial brackish water pond in East China. Examination of its morphology, ontogenesis and molecular phylogeny suggests it represents a new genus. Results The new genus is distinguished from its relatives by having a dorsomarginal kinety, frontoventral and caudal cirri. It also has five frontoventral cirral anlagen, and oral primordium originated apokinetally between right and left cirral field. The diagnostic traits of the new species include three frontal cirri, one buccal cirrus, one or two parabuccal cirri, a row of four to six frontoventral cirri, three left and two right marginal rows, and one bipolar dorsal kinety with one or two caudal cirri at its rear end. Its main morphogenetic features are: (i) the old oral apparatus is completely inherited by the proter except undulating membranes, which are reorganized in situ; (ii) anlagen for marginal rows and the left dorsal kinety develop intrakinetally in both proter and opisthe; (iii) dorsal kinety 2 is generated dorsomarginally; (iv) in the proter, anlagen I and II originate from the parental undulating membranes and the buccal cirrus, respectively, anlage III from anterior parabuccal cirrus, anlage IV from the parental frontoventral cirri; (v) anlagen I–IV of the opisthe are all generated from oral primordium, and (vi) anlage V occur in the innermost parental right marginal row in both dividers. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that the new species is closely related to the newly described Heterodeviata sinica Song et al., 2023, and then form a robust clade with other deviatids, which corroborates the familial assignment of our form. Conclusions The study of the morphology, and ontogenesis of a new brackish-water taxon increases the overall knowledge about the biodiversity of this ciliate group. It also adds to the genetic data available and further confirms the monophyly of family Deviatidae Foissner, 2016.

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Hypotrichidium tisiae (Gelei, 1929) Gelei, 1954: a unique hypotrichid ciliate having a highly specialized developmental pattern during binary division

Luo

Huang

et al. 2022

Mar Life Sci Technol

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Morphogenesis and molecular phylogeny of a freshwater ciliate, Oxytricha multilineata n. sp. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia)

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Decryption of the survival “black box”: gene family expansion promotes the encystment in ciliated protists

Decryption of the survival “black box”: gene family expansion promotes the encystment in ciliated protists

Integrative data of an unknown ciliate (Alveolata, Ciliophora) propose the establishment of Caudidiodeviata nov. gen.

Hypotrichidium tisiae (Gelei, 1929) Gelei, 1954: a unique hypotrichid ciliate having a highly specialized developmental pattern during binary division

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