Morphofunctional study on the effects of passive smoking in kidneys of rats

Moraes, Carlos Alberto de; Breda-Stella, Mercia; Carvalho, Cesar Alexandre Fabrega

doi:10.31744/einstein_journal/2021ao6000

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…In addition, recent studies have shown that side-stream smoke, which is the main component of passive smoke, contains more toxic substances than those found in mainstream smoke, suggesting that passive smoking exposure can also cause serious effects. 26 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Smoking on Renal Functions Among Apparently Healthy Smokers

Eid

Moazen

Elhussini

et al. 2022

JMDH

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Background Cigarette smoking is an important modifiable risk factor in kidney disease progression. Although long-term smoking has been associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), its effect on kidney function in early stages has not been clarified. Objective To detect the early effects of smoking either active or passive on kidney functions. Methodology The current study was comparative cross sectional study conducted on 280 participants, 140 were non‑smokers and 140 were smokers (70 passive smokers and 70 active smokers). The two groups were comparable in terms of all parameters. We investigated the possible effects of smoking on kidney functions using both serum kidney function tests especially; serum urea, serum creatinine, serum cotinine levels and detection of albumin in urine. Smoking history, full Laboratory investigations, Ventilatory function test including (FEV1/FVC, FEV1, FEF 25–75%, VC and FVC) were done. Results Serum urea, serum creatinine, serum cotinine levels and urinary albumin were statistically significant higher in smokers group in comparison to nonsmokers, also the serum cotinine levels and urinary albumin were statistically significant in active smokers in comparison to passive smokers. There were positive correlations between the level of urinary albumin and pack/year (r = 0.9, p<0.05), smoking index (r = 0.9, p<0.05), smoking duration (r = 0.4, p<0.05), and serum cotinine (r = 0.6, p<0.050) with good statistical significance. The most significant predictive risk factors of microalbuminuria among smokers group in descending orders were active smoking, passive smoking, age and serum cotinine level. Conclusion Both active and passive smoking, especially among heavy smokers, is a significant risk factor for microalbuminuria. This finding increase the importance of early cessation of smoking in order to minimize early renal affection among healthy smokers that may not be discovered by routine renal function tests.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Smoking on Renal Functions Among Apparently Healthy Smokers

Eid

Moazen

Elhussini

et al. 2022

JMDH

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“…Feed and water intake were monitored throughout the experimental period. (9) Adaptation of SG rats to cigarette smoke was achieved by gradual exposure to burning cigarettes. Rats were exposed in pairs to the smoke of up to 40 cigarettes per day (high yield; tar: 10mg; nicotine: 0.8mg; carbon monoxide: 10mg) for 7 to 28 days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbon dioxide was measured in CG and SG rat boxes and housing environment using a calibrated carbon dioxide meter (AZ Instruments, model AZ 77535, serial number 10109975) (certificate 00948/2016). (9) Source: Moraes CA, Breda-Stella M, Carvalho CA. Morphofunctional study on the effects of passive smoking in kidneys of rats.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The radius (r) was used to estimate kidney volume in cubic centimeters (cm 3 ), according to the following ellipsoid volume formula: vol=4/3π (r1.r2.r3). (9,10) For histological analysis, the right kidney was sectioned transversely between the upper and lower poles, embedded in paraffin and cut into approximately 4µm thick sections 80µm apart. Three histological slides from the kidneys of GC and GT rats were prepared and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Picrosirius Red for morphometric analysis.…”

Section: Kidney Weight Size and Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, recent studies reported exposure to cigarette smoke has significant toxic adverse effects on the kidneys and may induce significant morphological and functional changes, including reduced kidney size and cortical thickness, reduced glomerular diameter and density and decreased glomerular filtration rate. (9) The kidneys are highly vascularized organs. Hence, smoking and circulating nicotine cause renal vascular changes.…”

Section: ❚ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of passive smoking on renal vascular morphology

Moraes¹,

Thal²,

Bannwart³

et al. 2022

Einstein (São Paulo)

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Objective: To determine whether passive smoking causes morphological and structural changes in the arcuate arteries of rats exposed for 7 to 28 days. Methods: Wistar rats aged eight weeks and weighing 260g on average were allocated to a Control or a Smoker Group. Groups were further divided into 4 groups containing 5 animals each. Morphological-functional analysis of the right kidneys was carried out after 7 and 28 days of exposure to the smoke of 40 cigarettes per day. Cigarettes were burned at set times using automated cigarette-burning equipment ("Smoking Machine" -SM-MC-01). At the end of each exposure period, the kidneys were dissected and submitted to histological processing for morphological and quantitative analysis. Results: Exposure to cigarette smoke for 7 days led to a decrease in inner vascular diameter. Decreased thickness of the vascular tunica media was observed after exposure for 28 days. Increased thickness of the tunica adventitia, increased total vascular wall thickness, increased total vascular diameter and qualitative increase in collagen deposition were observed. Vascular volume increased after 28 days of exposure. Conclusion: Passive smoking has a negative impact on renal vasculature.

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Secondhand smoke, genetic susceptibility, and incident chronic kidney disease in never smokers: A prospective study of a selected population from the UK Biobank

Lan^*,

Li^*,

Chen

et al. 2023

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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INTRODUCTION A large number of people around the world are exposed to the risks of passive smoking. This prospective study aimed to examine the association between secondhand smoke exposure, exposure time, and the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and determine whether this association was influenced by genetic susceptibility. METHODS The study included 214244 participants of the UK Biobank who were initially free of CKD. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the associations between secondhand smoke exposure time and the risks of CKD in people who have never smoked. The genetic risk score for CKD was calculated by a weighted method. The likelihood ratio test comparing models was used to examine the cross-product term between secondhand smoke exposure and genetic susceptibility to CKD outcomes. RESULTS During a median of 11.9 years of follow-up, 6583 incidents of CKD were documented. Secondhand smoke exposure increased the risk of CKD (HR=1.09; 95% CI: 1.03–1.16, p<0.01), and a dose-response relationship between CKD prevalence and secondhand smoke exposure time was found (p for trend<0.01). Secondhand smoke exposure increases the risk of CKD even in people who never smoke and have a low genetic risk (HR=1.13; 95% CI: 1.02–1.26, p=0.02). There was no statistically significant interaction between secondhand smoke exposure and genetic susceptibility to CKD (p for interaction=0.80). CONCLUSIONS Secondhand smoke exposure is associated with higher risk of CKD, even in people with low genetic risk, and the relationship is dose dependent. These findings change the belief that people with low genetic susceptibility and without direct participation in smoking activities are not prone to CKD, emphasizing the need to avoid the harm of secondhand smoke in public places.

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Morphofunctional study on the effects of passive smoking in kidneys of rats

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

The Influence of Smoking on Renal Functions Among Apparently Healthy Smokers

The Influence of Smoking on Renal Functions Among Apparently Healthy Smokers

Impact of passive smoking on renal vascular morphology

Secondhand smoke, genetic susceptibility, and incident chronic kidney disease in never smokers: A prospective study of a selected population from the UK Biobank

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