Morning cortisol as a risk factor for subsequent major depressive disorder in adult women

Harris, Tirril; Borsanyi, S; Messari, S; Stanford, Katherine; Cleary, Sarah; Shiers, H. M.; Brown, G W; Herbert, J.

doi:10.1192/bjp.177.6.505

Cited by 188 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

124

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, there is preliminary evidence that susceptibility to the mood-lowering effects of ATD may be of prognostic significance in patients with recurrent depression (Ruhé et al 2007). In addition, it appears that elevated cortisol secretion may have a role in predicting depression in high-risk individuals (Goodyer et al 2000 ;Harris et al 2000). Neurobiological markers, such as elevated cortisol, could help to guide early intervention studies in young people before the onset of recurrent illness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘It's not over when it's over’: persistent neurobiological abnormalities in recovered depressed patients

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The tendency of major depression to recur is a leading problem in clinical management and is responsible for much of the illness burden. Until recently, biological studies of depression have focused on the mechanisms involved in acute illness but there are now many data to suggest that neurobiological abnormalities persist when depressed patients are clinically recovered and withdrawn from medication. These abnormalities encompass a number of neurochemical and neuropsychological mechanisms that could be relevant to recurrence, including changes in the availability of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptor subtypes, decreases in cortical c-aminobutyric acid (GABA), increases in cortisol secretion and negative biases in the processing of emotional information. Studies of groups at high risk of depression before illness onset will help to clarify which biological abnormalities precede the development of depression and which are the product of recurrent illness. Ultimately this work should lead to a better understanding of the neurobiology of vulnerability to depression and more innovative approaches to primary and secondary prevention.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘It's not over when it's over’: persistent neurobiological abnormalities in recovered depressed patients

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, a causal association between depression and HPA activity is yet to be established. It has been suggested that cortisol dysregulation may represent an endophenotype (Hasler et al, 2004) or vulnerability marker of depression ( [Bhagwager et al, 2005], [Cowen, 2009] and [Harris et al, 2000]); further, corticotrophin-releasing hormone has been argued to be a key aetiological factor in depression and anxiety (Alldredge, 2010). Alternatively, changes in the diurnal cortisol rhythm could be a residue from previous depression implying a causal pathway from depression to altered HPA activity (Bhagwager et al, 2005).…”

Section: Age Depression Anxiety Social Support and Cortisolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ageing, depression, anxiety, social support and the diurnal rhythm and awakening response of salivary cortisol

Heaney¹,

Phillips²,

Carroll³

2010

International Journal of Psychophysiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study compared the cortisol awakening response and diurnal rhythm in 24 young healthy students and 48 community-dwelling older adults. The associations with diurnal cortisol and depression, anxiety and social support were also examined in relation to age. Salivary cortisol was measured over the course of one day: immediately upon awakening, 30 min later, and then 3 h, 6 h, 9 h and 12 h post-awakening. Participants completed a questionnaire measuring symptoms of anxiety and depression and social support was assessed. Older adults exhibited a significantly reduced awakening response, overall cortisol levels, area under the curve (AUC) and diurnal slopes than younger adults, resulting in a flatter diurnal rhythm. Younger adults with higher depression scores had significantly higher overall cortisol and higher levels upon awakening and 30 min postawakening. In the younger adults, anxiety and depression correlated positively with AUC and the cortisol awakening response (CAR). Older adults with lower social support had a reduced AUC where younger adults with lower social support displayed a larger AUC. These findings suggest that the diurnal rhythm and awakening response of salivary cortisol are significantly reduced in older adults and the associations between anxiety, depression and social support and diurnal cortisol vary with age.

show abstract

“…This hypercortisolism is present during depressive episodes, in remitted patients and in those at high risk, for example in children from affected families (Mannie et al 2007). Importantly, the degree of hypercortisolism has been shown to predict the occurrence of depression in high-risk individuals (Harris et al 2000 ;Halligan et al 2007).…”

Section: Stress and The Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (Hpa) Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability to depression: what is the role of stress genes in gene × environment interaction?

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vulnerability to depression has been linked to the interaction of genetic predisposition with stressful life events. This review considers the associations between serotonergic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) systems. We follow the standpoint of a previous Editorial Review ( Bhagwagar & Cowen, Psychological Medicine 2008, 38, 307-313) and consider another possible mechanism of vulnerability to depressive disorder, that is we suggest that the gener environment interaction involves complex participation of serotonergic genes modulating response to stress through the HPA system.

show abstract

Morning cortisol as a risk factor for subsequent major depressive disorder in adult women

Abstract: Individual differences in morning salivary cortisol levels may represent an independent risk factor for subsequent MDD. The origin of these differences in cortisol is not yet understood.

Cited by 188 publications

References 25 publications

‘It's not over when it's over’: persistent neurobiological abnormalities in recovered depressed patients

‘It's not over when it's over’: persistent neurobiological abnormalities in recovered depressed patients

Ageing, depression, anxiety, social support and the diurnal rhythm and awakening response of salivary cortisol

Vulnerability to depression: what is the role of stress genes in gene × environment interaction?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About