Moringa oleifera Seed Extract Alleviates Scopolamine-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment in Mice

Abstract

The extract of Moringa oleifera seeds has been shown to possess various pharmacological properties. In the present study, we assessed the neuropharmacological effects of 70% ethanolic M. oleifera seed extract (MSE) on cognitive impairment caused by scopolamine injection in mice using the passive avoidance and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. MSE (250 or 500 mg/kg) was administered to mice by oral gavage for 7 or 14 days, and cognitive impairment was induced by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine (4 mg/kg) for 1 or 6 days. Mice that received scopolamine alone showed impaired learning and memory retention and considerably decreased cholinergic system reactivity and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. MSE pretreatment significantly ameliorated scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment and enhanced cholinergic system reactivity and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Additionally, the protein expressions of phosphorylated Akt, ERK1/2, and CREB in the hippocampus were significantly decreased by scopolamine, but these decreases were reversed by MSE treatment. These results suggest that MSE-induced ameliorative cognitive effects are mediated by enhancement of the cholinergic neurotransmission system and neurogenesis via activation of the Akt, ERK1/2, and CREB signaling pathways. These findings suggest that MSE could be a potent neuropharmacological drug against amnesia, and its mechanism might be modulation of cholinergic activity via the Akt, ERK1/2, and CREB signaling pathways.

Niazimicin: A thiocarbamate glycoside from Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds with a novel neuroprotective activity

“…These deleterious effects were reversed in all MO groups, significantly reducing MDA and cholinesterase levels but enhancing GSH levels in comparison to AlCl 3 group. To the best of our knowledge, except for AChE where similar results were found by (Zeng et al., 2019; Zhou et al., 2018) using cerebral ischemic and scopolamine‐induced memory impairment animal models respectively, this is the first study assessing the effect of MO seeds on these parameters using an AlCl 3 model.…”

“…This gave an insight into the possible neuroprotective effect of MO . Several studies reported the neuroprotective activity of the leaves of MO (Dhakad et al., 2019; González‐Burgos et al., 2021; Igado & Olopade, 2016; Omotoso et al., 2018), however few were reported for MO seeds (Omotoso, Adelakun, et al., 2019; Omotoso, Olumorin, et al., 2019; Raafat & Hdaib, 2017; Zeng et al., 2019; Zhou et al., 2018). To further investigate this activity, the present study aims at testing the possible neuroprotective potential of MO ethanol seeds extract against Alzheimer’s disease (AD), using aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ) induced AD animal model, as well as testing the major bioactive compound in the seeds (comprising 620 mg%), niazimicin (NZ) (Abdelsayed et al., 2021), hypothesized to be behind this activity for the first time.…”

Effects of Moringa oleifera in Two Independents Formulation and as Neuroprotective Agent Against Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

“…In addition, the richness of fatty acid, benzene, fatty aldehydes, terpenoids, tocopherol, and stigmasterol in MOO could explain the neuroprotective effect of this oil. Similarly, other reports confirmed that MOO could be an effective neuropharmacological drug also for amnesia by the modulation of cholinergic activity (44).…”

Bay Leaf (Laurus Nobilis L.) Incense Improved Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic Rats by Restoring Cholinergic Dysfunction and Brain Antioxidant Status

“…Cholinergic neurotransmission has been implicated in a variety of disease states [1]. In several types of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), the cholinergic system is recognized as a significant factor because acetylcholine (ACh) plays an important role in cognitive processes [2].…”