More than “just a test”—Task-switching paradigms offer an early warning system for cognitive decline

Karayanidis, Frini; McKewen, Montana

doi:10.1016/bs.plm.2021.02.006

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 163 publications

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“…The Task-switch assessment asks patients to decipher the color of the square (pink or blue) and whether a number fits within a range (1-4 or 6-9) or is odd or even. 77 Numbers are presented to the patient for 2500 ms. If the background color of the box is blue, patients are asked to respond with their left hand if the number was higher or lower than 5.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Cognitive Function in Exercise Oncology Studies in Patients Treated With Chemotherapy: A Scoping Review

Moon,

Wilson,

Gonzalo-Encabo

et al. 2024

Integr Cancer Ther

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Cancer-associated cognitive deficits following chemotherapy have received increased attention in clinical research. Exercise has been shown to preserve cognitive function in cancer patients, though the overall effect is mixed. Here we present a scoping review of the published literature summarizing methods used to assess cognitive function in exercise oncology trials. Methods: PubMed, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases were searched using keywords “cognition,” “cancer” OR “neoplasm” OR “tumor,” “chemotherapy” and “exercise” OR “physical activity.” Studies eligible for inclusion include prospective studies that were published in English in peer-reviewed journals that include a method of assessing cognitive function in adult cancer patients, in which an exercise modality or method of quantifying exercise habits was evident. Studies were excluded if they included a pediatric population, patients that were not diagnosed with cancer, or were systematic/narrative/scoping reviews, protocol papers or dissertation/theses. Results: A total of 29 studies met the inclusion criteria. In total, 29 unique assessments were used to evaluate cognitive function, including patient-reported outcomes (PROs; n = 8) and objective (n = 21) methods. More than half (n = 17) of included studies relied on PROs while 12 studies utilized objective measures of cognitive function Cognitive domains of the PROs were limited in scope, focusing on memory and attention/concentration while the objective measures were broader and inclusive of multiple domains. Conclusion: The results of this review indicate that mixed approaches to evaluating cognitive function in cancer patients pose a major limitation to understanding the role of exercise as an integrative approach. The evidence demonstrates a need for more uniform assessment of cognitive function in exercise oncology trials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Cognitive Function in Exercise Oncology Studies in Patients Treated With Chemotherapy: A Scoping Review

Moon,

Wilson,

Gonzalo-Encabo

et al. 2024

Integr Cancer Ther

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, these modeling approaches can only loosely characterize the links between brain and behavior because the two data sources are modeled independently 1 There is considerable discussion in the field about whether this represents an increased P300 component or a distinct ERP component, e.g., Periáñez and Barceló (2009). We discuss this at length in Karayanidis and McKewen (2021) and justify our reason for preferring the use of the term "switch-positivity" over enlarged P300.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jointly modeling behavioral and EEG measures of proactive control in task switching

et al. 2023

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In this study, we implement joint modeling of behavioral and single‐trial electroencephalography (EEG) data derived from a cued‐trials task‐switching paradigm to test the hypothesis that trial‐by‐trial adjustment of response criterion can be linked to changes in the event‐related potentials (ERPs) elicited during the cue‐target interval (CTI). Specifically, we assess whether ERP components associated with preparation to switch task and preparation of the relevant task are linked to a response criterion parameter derived from a simple diffusion decision model (DDM). Joint modeling frameworks characterize the brain‐behavior link by simultaneously modeling behavioral and neural data and implementing a linking function to bind these two submodels. We examined three joint models: The first characterized the core link between EEG and criterion, the second added a switch preparation input parameter and the third also added a task preparation input parameter. The criterion‐EEG link was strongest just before target onset. Inclusion of switch and task preparation parameters did not improve the performance of the criterion‐EEG link but was necessary to accurately model the ERP waveform morphology. While we successfully jointly modeled latent model parameters and EEG data from a task‐switching paradigm, these findings show that customized cognitive models are needed that are tailored to the multiple cognitive control processes underlying task‐switching performance. This is the first paper to implement joint modeling of behavioral measures and single‐trial electroencephalography (EEG) data derived from the cue‐target interval in a cued‐trials task‐switching paradigm. Model hyperparameters showed a strong link between response criterion and the pre‐target negativity amplitude. Additional parameters (switch preparation, task preparation) were necessary to model the cue‐locked ERP waveform morphology. This is consistent with multiple cognitive control processes underlying proactive control and points to the need for more nuanced models of task‐switching performance.

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Dissociable theta networks underlie the switch and mixing costs during task switching

McKewen

Cooper

Skippen

et al. 2021

Human Brain Mapping

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During task‐switching paradigms, both event‐related potentials and time‐frequency analyses show switch and mixing effects at frontal and parietal sites. Switch and mixing effects are associated with increased power in broad frontoparietal networks, typically stronger in the theta band (~4–8 Hz). However, it is not yet known whether mixing and switch costs rely upon common or distinct networks. In this study, we examine proactive and reactive control networks linked to task switching and mixing effects, and whether strength of connectivity in these networks is associated with behavioural outcomes. Participants (n = 197) completed a cued‐trials task‐switching paradigm with concurrent electroencephalography, after substantial task practice to establish strong cue‐stimulus–response representations. We used inter‐site phase clustering, a measure of functional connectivity across electrode sites, to establish cross‐site connectivity from a frontal and a parietal seed. Distinct theta networks were activated during proactive and reactive control periods. During the preparation interval, mixing effects were associated with connectivity from the frontal seed to parietal sites, and switch effects with connectivity from the parietal seed to occipital sites. Lateralised occipital connectivity was common to both switch and mixing effects. After target onset, frontal and parietal seeds showed a similar pattern of connectivity across trial types. These findings are consistent with distinct and common proactive control networks and common reactive networks in highly practised task‐switching performers.

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More than “just a test”—Task-switching paradigms offer an early warning system for cognitive decline

Cited by 4 publications

References 163 publications

Measurement of Cognitive Function in Exercise Oncology Studies in Patients Treated With Chemotherapy: A Scoping Review

Measurement of Cognitive Function in Exercise Oncology Studies in Patients Treated With Chemotherapy: A Scoping Review

Jointly modeling behavioral and EEG measures of proactive control in task switching

Dissociable theta networks underlie the switch and mixing costs during task switching

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