More than just a game: ethical issues in gamification

Kim, Tae Wan; Werbach, Kevin

doi:10.1007/s10676-016-9401-5

Cited by 152 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…These observations, together with the discussed physiology of play, do strongly underline the necessity of play in life. Regardless, there is a continuing debate surrounding the efficacy and ethical implications of incorporating playful strategies within higher education, which may have negative effects on learning when poorly utilised (Kim & Werbach, 2016;Langendah, Cook, & Mark-Herbert, 2016). Often these strategies are used to increase student engagement while focussing mainly on competitive outcomes like points, leaderboards, badges and rewards, echoing the undesirable culture of performativity-based indicators.…”

Section: Potential Relevance For Higher Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiology of play: potential relevance for higher education

Koeners

Francis

2020

International Journal of Play

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This paper explores the physiology of play and its potential for advancing higher education through promoting joy and counteracting performativity, which we argue is a proponent of mental ill-health in the sector. Although play is increasingly recognised as a fundamental part of the human experience and a successful teaching practice, it is only consistently applied within childhood education. We identify 3 key areas of play physiology relevant for higher education: physical and mental resilience; social intelligence; cognitive flexibility and intellect. We conclude that the incorporation of play within higher education by developing 'Playful Universities' could counteract the fear of failing, avoidance of risk and other negative aspects of performativity and goaloriented behaviour. Playful learning, therefore, challenges the continued relevance of focusing on a dehumanising and oppressive neoliberal model of performativity-based learning and sheds light on the potential of a joyous, authentic transition to the co-creation of knowledge within higher education. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Potential Relevance For Higher Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiology of play: potential relevance for higher education

Koeners

Francis

2020

International Journal of Play

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“…Finally, there still remains an open issue with regards to ethics in persuasive games and technology. For example, researchers in persuasive design have discussed issues related to the moral legitimacy of game systems which influence user behavior, the prior disclosure of motivation and the need for transparency and issues related to privacy [72] [73]. There is a moral risk when such games work to "change" the behavior of users without critical reflection from the users themselves.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cookbook method for Persuasive Game Design

Siriaraya

Visch

Vermeeren

et al. 2018

IJSG

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Despite the growing interest in persuasive game design, there have been few methods which cover the complete process of game design that designers could draw upon in their practice. In this paper, the Persuasive Game Design method(PGD) is presented as a non-directive approach for designing persuasive games including a practical hand-out. To better fit with the practical constraints encountered in game design, this method adopts a “cookbook” approach. A set of essential PGD components and tools are provided from which game designers can choose from, given their specific context and resources. Designers first consider the game design steps(“dishes”) to use in creating their game and in each step, select which components(“ingredients”) to take into account and tools(“utensils”) to use. The proposed method, based on our experience as persuasive game researchers and design practitioners, is further refined using feedback from professional game designers. The paper concludes with a case study illustrating how to put the meal into practice. Overall, the method provides a useful contribution to the existing research domain by combining knowledge from game theory, game design and design methodology to create a structured yet flexible approach which covers the complete persuasive game design process for researchers, students and practitioners.

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“…Conflict of Goals. One of the primary reasons for having ethical and well-being issues in gamification systems is its potential conflict between stakeholders interests [53]. In a teamwork environment, conflict of goals can occur when a goal is collectively assigned.…”

Section: Goal Related Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamification Risks to Enterprise Teamwork: Taxonomy, Management Strategies and Modalities of Application

Algashami

Vuillier

Alrobai

et al. 2019

Systems

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Gamification corresponds to the use of game elements to encourage certain attitudes and behaviours in a serious context. When applied to enterprise teamwork, gamification can lead to negative side-effects which compromise its benefits. For example, applying competitive elements such as leaderboard may lead to clustering amongst team members and encourage adverse work ethics such as intimidation and pressure. Despite the recognition of the problem in the literature, the research on concretising such gamification risks is scarce. There is also a lack of methods to identify gamification risks and their management strategies. In this paper, we conduct a multi-stage qualitative research and develop taxonomy of risks, risk factors and risk management strategies. We also identify the modalities of application of these strategies, including who should be involved and how. Finally, we provide a checklist to help the risk identification process as a first step towards a comprehensive method for eliciting and managing gamification risks to teamwork within enterprises.Systems 2019, 7, 9 2 of 30 human factors such as motivation, personality, enterprise culture and group dynamics as well as business requirements, such as increasing efficiency and quality.In this paper, we build on our findings published in Ref.[8] which focused on conceptualising the main risks and risk factors of gamification systems to the teamwork within an enterprise. We also build on our findings presented in Ref.[9] regarding a set of management strategies to managing gamification risks and develop the main contribution of this research, which revolves around two key aspects. The first one relates to the various modalities of applications of such management strategies. This includes the different purposes of usage, styles of applications, timings and stakeholders. The second one relates to our proposal of a checklist tool, which is meant to help stakeholders in the decision-making session to identify and resolve gamification risks. In doing so, we take a significant step towards a systematic method for the elicitation, assessment, and mitigation of gamification risks to teamwork within enterprises. Literature ReviewSeveral studies in the literature proposed methods and principles to develop gamification. Nicholson [10] developed a user-centered theoretical framework to develop and design gamification. The framework main idea is to focus on users' needs and goals over the ones from the organisation's. Huotari and Hammari [11] argued that gamification techniques should be designed to add value to an enterprise such as increasing staff willingness to work and to increase customers satisfactions regarding the overall value of the provided services. In other words, gamification shall be engineered on top of the existing information systems. In addition, Deterding [12] emphasised the need for "meaningful play" in gamification design in which users' needs and requirements are the main focus for successful implementation of gamification, rather than the abstract...

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More than just a game: ethical issues in gamification

Cited by 152 publications

References 71 publications

The physiology of play: potential relevance for higher education

The physiology of play: potential relevance for higher education

A cookbook method for Persuasive Game Design

Gamification Risks to Enterprise Teamwork: Taxonomy, Management Strategies and Modalities of Application

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