More than Cosmetic Changes: The Challenges of Experiments with Police Demilitarization in the 1960s and 1970s

Schrader, Stuart

doi:10.1177/0096144217705523

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…We therefore, firstly, call for future research about policing and policing problems that engages with issues such as structural racism and police violence (Moore et al, 2018; e.g., Schrader, 2017) as well as organizational-level factors (e.g., Klinger, 2020; Sherman, 2020). BWC implementation and use cannot be studied in isolation as a solution to the problem of police shootings, regardless of what stakeholders and the public demand.…”

Section: Dominant Policing Problem Representations In Bwc Research An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Representations of Policing Problems and Body-Worn Cameras in Existing Research

Backman

Löfstrand

2021

International Criminal Justice Review

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In this article, we analyze scholarly publications on body-worn cameras (BWCs) to shed light on scholars’ grounding assumptions about BWC technology and the policing problems assumed to be amended by it. We conducted a systematic search and a double-blind review, including 90 peer-reviewed journal articles, and analyzed how scholars warrant their studies, their findings and their recommendations. We found that BWC research largely investigates the effectiveness of BWCs worn by police officers in the United States and build upon a set of dominant policing problem representations: the police crisis in the United States and the police use of force, lack of oversight and control of police officers, citizen dissatisfaction and lack of police legitimacy, and police officer resistance toward BWC use. Assumptions underlying all four problem representations is that BWC technology will amend these problems and is legitimate and useful if the public supports it. Taken together, this enhances the representation of BWC technology as a self-evident means of improving community relations and police legitimacy in the United States. Finally, we provide recommendations for future research on BWCs, particularly the need for research departing from altogether different problem representations.

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Section: Dominant Policing Problem Representations In Bwc Research An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Representations of Policing Problems and Body-Worn Cameras in Existing Research

Backman

Löfstrand

2021

International Criminal Justice Review

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“…Research examining the personal safety of police officers demonstrates that cosmetic changes to uniforms can impact interactions with civilians, particularly in relation to acts of civilian-on-officer aggression (Johnson, 2013). For instance, in the late 1960s, the Menlo Park Police Department in California replaced their traditional police uniform with 'softer' clothing (e.g., sport coats, white shirts, slacks and ties) in an effort to make officers appear more approachable to the public (Schrader, 2020). Although this change was initially well received by the public, police officers were subject to higher rates of physical assault while wearing the alternative uniforms; it was not until the former uniforms were reinstated that these incidents returned to their average quota (Johnson, 2013;Johnson et al, 2015).…”

Section: Police Volunteer Uniformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presenting a uniformed self: Symbols of safety in police auxiliary members' perceptions

O’Connor

Koziarski

Frederick

et al. 2021

International Journal of Police Science & Management

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Volunteers have always played a prominent role in policing. Although known by many names worldwide, auxiliary police in Canada are one particular group of formalized volunteers that have received little research attention. Therefore, through an exploratory survey utilizing both closed and open-ended questions, this article adds to the literature on volunteer police by focusing on how auxiliary members perceived their safety at a police service located in Canada. The findings show how auxiliary members' perceptions of safety were intricately connected to their uniforms, received trainings and associated accoutrements. More specifically, we find that these key elements act as symbols connecting auxiliary members to the extended police family and when they are absent members can feel distanced. Further, safety concerns were expressed as a result of such distancing. The implications of these findings are discussed.

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“…16 With Ford's establishment of the Police Foundation in 1970, private actors also began to play a key role in this network of Washington-based police reform organizations. 17 Ford designed the Police Foundation to act as a national "catalyst" for liberal police reform, sending funds and expertize directly to urban police departments across the United States.…”

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confidence: 99%

From Black Power to Broken Windows: Liberal Philanthropy and the Carceral State

Collings-Wells

2020

Journal of Urban History

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During the 1960s, the Ford Foundation was one of the largest philanthropic organizations in the United States. This article examines the shifting strategies which Ford deployed in an attempt to tackle urban disorder in U.S. cities between 1965 and 1982. From 1966 to 1969, Ford engaged in a series of experimental projects which sought to dampen unrest through “community action” and grassroots mobilization, many of which required working with Black Power organizations. Yet, after this generated considerable political controversy, the foundation shifted toward funding liberal police reform, establishing the Police Foundation in 1970, a Washington-based organization whose research provided the intellectual underpinning for “Broken Windows” policing. Studying the Ford Foundation’s programming during this period can illuminate the understudied contribution of liberal philanthropy to the rise of the carceral state, as well as the connections between the grassroots antipoverty efforts of the 1960s and the punitive turn of the 1970s.

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More than Cosmetic Changes: The Challenges of Experiments with Police Demilitarization in the 1960s and 1970s

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Representations of Policing Problems and Body-Worn Cameras in Existing Research

Representations of Policing Problems and Body-Worn Cameras in Existing Research

Presenting a uniformed self: Symbols of safety in police auxiliary members' perceptions

From Black Power to Broken Windows: Liberal Philanthropy and the Carceral State

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