More than coffee – a World Café to explore enablers of pharmacy practice research

Abstract

Background Pharmacists are in demand now more than ever to provide highquality expertise about the effectiveness, safety and use of medications. Amidst an increasingly complex and costly healthcare system, policy makers need robust evidence to justify public spending on pharmacy services. Research on the impact of existing and emerging pharmacy practices is required. Objective To explore barriers and opportunities to enhance research among pharmacists in Ireland utilising a World Caf e methodology. Methods A pharmacy research discussion day was held in November 2018, open to all pharmacists in Ireland. A World Caf e methodology was utilised as a mechanism to facilitate group discussions about pharmacy practice research. Results Discussions with 63 attendees identified four themes and seventeen subthemes. The four themes were challenges undertaking research, research motivations, leadership and training. Subthemes included robust evidence, clinical, economic and societal outcomes, alignment with national and international health system priorities, need for incentives from professional training bodies, competitive business model and embed within schools of pharmacy. Conclusions The most commonly discussed barriers inhibiting research were workload, technology limitations and financial considerations. Organisational leadership to prioritise and coordinate research efforts, training to build research capacity, building on existing examples of excellence and initiation of bottom-up community-based research projects were identified in our study as opportunities to enhance pharmacist involvement in research and ultimately patient health outcomes.

Identifying Challenges and Solutions in Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse through the Historic Urban Landscape Approach in Amsterdam

“…Although this method was chosen because it is a participatory method to harvest information based on group intelligence, it also incentivizes participation by engaging stakeholders in mutual learning [53][54][55][56]. In various research domains, studies have adopted the World Café to collect qualitative data [56], e.g., to identify barriers, opportunities, and design requirements [57][58][59][60]. The identification of challenges and solutions took place as rounds of facilitated roundtable discussions (Figure A1).…”

World Café approach: exploring the future vision of oral anticoagulants for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in Ireland

“…This approach fosters open, intimate and authentic conversation in small groups, 40 41 as was the case here. As previous research demonstrates it can be used to explore the impact of existing and emerging issues, for example, in the case of pharmacy practices in Ireland, 42 and to demonstrate how a small number of user representatives (i.e., patient personas) can support consideration of larger, more diverse populations. 43 This study explores some key challenges facing patients with AF and the healthcare professionals prescribing and managing their treatment, which were largely consistent with those identified previously.…”

Providing pharmaceutical care remotely through medicines delivery services in community pharmacy

“…Over the last century, the link between reimbursement and dispensing volume has placed significant emphasis on dispensing activities in the practice of pharmacy; 1 this is at odds with recent developments in pharmaceutical care. 1 Their utility has led to the revaluation of the traditional reimbursement model, seeking to shift the focus of the pharmacy profession further away from dispensing volume. 1 These additional services are often not commissioned and there is a critical need to gather evidence to help policy makers.…”

“… 1 Their utility has led to the revaluation of the traditional reimbursement model, seeking to shift the focus of the pharmacy profession further away from dispensing volume. 1 These additional services are often not commissioned and there is a critical need to gather evidence to help policy makers. As such, current and emerging services need to be critically evaluated to understand where they fit within these new models of practice.…”

“…As such, current and emerging services need to be critically evaluated to understand where they fit within these new models of practice. 1 Home delivery services, is one such service is which has seen considerable expansion in recent years. In general, pharmacies are not funded for this service and often pay for it out of pocket.…”