More than a Feeling: Dermatological Changes Impacted by Spaceflight

Cope, Henry; Elsborg, Jonas; Demharter, Samuel; McDonald, J. Tyson; Wernecke, Chiara; Parthasarathy, Hari K; Unadkat, Hriday; Chatrathi, Mira; Claudio, Jennifer; Reinsch, Sigrid; Zwart, Sara R.; Smith, Scott M.; Heer, Martina; Muratani, Masafumi; Meydan, Cem; Overbey, Eliah; Kim, JangKeun; Park, Jiwoon; Schisler, Jonathan C.; Mason, Christopher E.; Szewczyk, Nathaniel J.; Willis, Craig R. G.; Salam, Amr; Beheshti, Afshin

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2367727/v1

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 77 publications

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“…In microgravity, many individuals experience gastrointestinal discomfort (i.e., constipation), which is heavily linked to gut microbiome composition [3][4][5][6][7] . The skin barrier is disrupted and often inflamed during and after flight, allowing potential invasion of pathobionts or otherwise inflammatory microorganisms [8][9][10][11][12] . Although the mechanisms are not entirely understood, the immune system experiences suppression during flight, leading to a "reactivation" of latent infections, such as herpes viruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral activation and ecological restructuring characterize a microbiome axis of spaceflight-associated immune activation

Mason,

Tierney,

Kim

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Maintenance of astronaut health during spaceflight will require monitoring and potentially modulating their microbiomes, which play a role in some space-derived health disorders. However, documenting the response of microbiota to spaceflight has been difficult thus far due to mission constraints that lead to limited sampling. Here, we executed a six-month longitudinal study centered on a three-day flight to quantify the high-resolution microbiome response to spaceflight. Via paired metagenomics and metatranscriptomics alongside single immune profiling, we resolved a microbiome “architecture” of spaceflight characterized by time-dependent and taxonomically divergent microbiome alterations across 750 samples and ten body sites. We observed pan-phyletic viral activation and signs of persistent changes that, in the oral microbiome, yielded plaque-associated pathobionts with strong associations to immune cell gene expression. Further, we found enrichments of microbial genes associated with antibiotic production, toxin-antitoxin systems, and stress response enriched universally across the body sites. We also used strain-level tracking to measure the potential propagation of microbial species from the crew members to each other and the environment, identifying microbes that were prone to seed the capsule surface and move between the crew. Finally, we identified associations between microbiome and host immune cell shifts, proposing both a microbiome axis of immune changes during flight as well as the sources of some of those changes. In summary, these datasets and methods reveal connections between crew immunology, the microbiome, and their likely drivers and lay the groundwork for future microbiome studies of spaceflight.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral activation and ecological restructuring characterize a microbiome axis of spaceflight-associated immune activation

Mason,

Tierney,

Kim

et al. 2023

Preprint

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How to obtain an integrated picture of the molecular networks involved in adaptation to microgravity in different biological systems?

Willis,

Calvaruso,

Angeloni

et al. 2024

npj Microgravity

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Periodically, the European Space Agency (ESA) updates scientific roadmaps in consultation with the scientific community. The ESA SciSpacE Science Community White Paper (SSCWP) 9, “Biology in Space and Analogue Environments”, focusses in 5 main topic areas, aiming to address key community-identified knowledge gaps in Space Biology. Here we present one of the identified topic areas, which is also an unanswered question of life science research in Space: “How to Obtain an Integrated Picture of the Molecular Networks Involved in Adaptation to Microgravity in Different Biological Systems?” The manuscript reports the main gaps of knowledge which have been identified by the community in the above topic area as well as the approach the community indicates to address the gaps not yet bridged. Moreover, the relevance that these research activities might have for the space exploration programs and also for application in industrial and technological fields on Earth is briefly discussed.

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Chromosomal positioning and epigenetic architecture influence DNA methylation patterns triggered by galactic cosmic radiation

Perdyan,

Jąkalski,

Horbacz

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Despite surging interest in space travel in recent decades, the impacts of prolonged, elevated exposure to galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) on human health remain poorly understood. This form of ionizing radiation causes significant changes to biological systems including damage to DNA structure by altering epigenetic phenotype with emphasis on DNA methylation. Building on previous work by Kennedy et al. (Sci Rep 8(1): 6709. 10.1038/S41598-018-24755-8), we evaluated spatial DNA methylation patterns triggered by high-LET (56Fe, 28Si) and low-LET (X-ray) radiation and the influence of chromosome positioning and epigenetic architecture in distinct radial layers of cell nucleus. Next, we validated our results using gene expression data of mice irradiated with simulated GCR and JAXA astronauts. We showed that primarily 56Fe induces a persistent DNA methylation increase whereas 28Si and X-ray induce a decrease DNA methylation which is not persistent with time. Moreover, we highlighted the role of nuclear chromatin architecture in cell response to external radiation. In summary, our study provides novel insights towards epigenetic and transcriptomic response as well as chromatin multidimensional structure influence on galactic cosmic radiation damage.

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More than a Feeling: Dermatological Changes Impacted by Spaceflight

Cited by 4 publications

References 77 publications

Viral activation and ecological restructuring characterize a microbiome axis of spaceflight-associated immune activation

Viral activation and ecological restructuring characterize a microbiome axis of spaceflight-associated immune activation

How to obtain an integrated picture of the molecular networks involved in adaptation to microgravity in different biological systems?

Chromosomal positioning and epigenetic architecture influence DNA methylation patterns triggered by galactic cosmic radiation

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