More precise prediction in Chinese patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma: protein kinase CK2α catalytic subunit (CK2α) as a poor prognosticator

Abstract

PurposeIn this study, we assess the CK2α expression in human penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and its clinical significance.MethodsA total of 157 human penile SCC tissue samples were immunohistochemically analyzed. In addition, 12 human penile SCC and adjacent normal tissues were examined for CK2α protein and mRNA expression by Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier test and the log-rank test. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to determine the impacts of CK2α expression and the clinicopathological features on patient disease-specific survival (DSS). Likelihood ratios (LRs), Akaike information criterion (AIC) values, and concordance indexes (C-indexes) were investigated to evaluate the accuracies of the factors. Bootstrap-corrected C-indexes were used for internal validation (with sampling 1000 times).ResultsA significant difference in the distribution of CK2α was observed between the normal and penile carcinoma tissues (P<0.001). CK2α expression was associated with the pathological T and N stages in the penile cancer tissues (P<0.001). High CK2α expression was with significantly poorer DSS compared with low expression one (P<0.001). Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR also confirmed that CK2α expression was increased in the penile cancer tissues. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, CK2α overexpression still was one of independent prognostic factors for penile SCC (P=0.005). The predictive accuracy of CK2α was verified by analysis of the C-indexes.ConclusionHigh protein kinase CK2α expression is associated with several prognostic factors and is thus a significant indicator of poor prognosis for penile cancer.

Identification of high protein kinase CK2α in HPV(+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and correlation with clinical outcomes

“…Elevated CK2 RNA, protein or enzymatic activity are historically associated with poor clinical outcome in various types of malignancies, including HNSCC ( Chua, Lee & Dominguez, 2017 ; Faust et al, 1996 ; Gapany et al, 1995 ; Kim et al, 2007 ; Laramas et al, 2007 ; Li et al, 2017 ; Lin et al, 2010 ; Lin et al, 2011 ; O-Charoenrat et al, 2004 ). In these earlier studies, HPV status was not evaluated in the context of CK2 activity.…”

An Integrative Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Prognostic and Immunological Role of Casein Kinase 2 Alpha Protein 1 (CSNK2A1) in Human Cancers: AStudy Based on Bioinformatics and Immunohistochemical Analysis

“… 13 Besides that, Over-expression of CSNK2A1 has also been shown to be an unfavorable factor to the poor prognosis of these tumor patients. 8 , 9 , 14 , 15 Currently, CSNK2A1 has received considerable attention as a promising biomarker for various tumors; however, the relevance of CSNK2A1 function and molecular mechanism with the tumorigenesis is still unknown. Meanwhile, there is still no integrative analysis of the prognostic value of CSNK2A1 in cancers based on big clinical data.…”