More on the performance of LiFePO4 electrodes—The effect of synthesis route, solution composition, aging, and temperature

Koltypin, Maxim; Aurbach, Doron; Nazar, Linda F.; Ellis, Brian L.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.06.045

Cited by 155 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Some authors suggested that the cathode is the main contributor to capacity fade. Amine et al [30] and Koltypin et al [31,32] confirmed iron dissolution from LFP electrodes and attributed the capacity fade to the formation of interfacial films produced on the graphite electrodes as a result of possible catalytic effects of the metallic iron particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Calendar aging of a graphite/LiFePO4 cell

Kassem

Bernard

Revel

et al. 2012

Journal of Power Sources

273

124

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Graphite/LFP commercial cells are stored under 3 different conditions of temperature (30°C, 45°C, and 60°C) and SOC (30, 65, and 100%) during up to 8 months. Several non-destructive electrochemical tests are performed at different storage times in order to understand calendar aging phenomena. After storage, all the cells except those stored at 30°C exhibited capacity fade. The extent of capacity fade strongly increases with storage temperature and to a lesser extent with the state of charge. From in-depth data analysis, cyclable lithium loss was identified as the main source of capacity fade. This loss arises from side reactions taking place at the anode, e.g. solvent decomposition leading to the growth of the solid electrolyte interphase. However, the existence of reversible capacity loss also suggests the presence of side reactions occurring at the cathode, which are less prominent than those at the anode. The analyses do not show any evidence about active-material loss in the electrodes. The cells do not suffer substantial change in internal resistance. According to EIS analysis, the overall impedance increase is 70% or less.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It is safe, because of a high thermal stability, and has a low toxicity and a low cost compared to cathodes such as LiCoO 2 . Several aging studies concerned with life performance of LFP-based cells are found in the literature [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calendar aging of a graphite/LiFePO4 cell

Kassem

Bernard

Revel

et al. 2012

Journal of Power Sources

273

124

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“…Despite its intrinsically low electronic conductivity, which can be enhanced through either supervalent cation doping [10] or carbon coating [11][12][13], LiFePO 4 has several advantages over other cathode materials. Most importantly, LiFePO 4 possesses high thermal stability [4,14] and XRD studies have shown that mixtures of LiFePO 4 and FePO 4 are stable up to 300 • C [15,16]. Moreover, due to the low miscibility of LiFePO 4 and FePO 4 phases [17][18][19], the two-phase electrode allows for a uniquely constant discharge potential of 3.4 V relative to Li/Li + over a theoretical capacity of 170 mAh g −1 [20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graft copolymer-based lithium-ion battery for high-temperature operation

Osswald

Daniel

et al. 2011

Journal of Power Sources

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“…Indeed, according to Amine et al the dissolution of iron into the electrolyte would be due to the iron dissolution from the positive electrode [23]. Nevertheless, Koltypin et al suggest that iron dissolution occurs only in presence of water or acidic species in the electrolyte due to the formation of HF [27]. Comparison of the cell parameters obtained by the Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction patterns recorded for the pristine material Fe800, Fe800 after ½ charge at C/20 and at room temperature (Fe800-RT-1/2charge), Fe800 after a first charge at C/20 and at room temperature (Fe800-RT-1charge), Fe800 after a first charge and a ½ first discharge at C/20 and at room temperature (Fe800-RT-1/2discharge), Fe800 at the end of a first electrochemical cycle at C/20 and at room temperature (Fe800-RT-1cycle), Fe800 after 100 cycles at C/20 rate and at room temperature (Fe800-RT-100cycles), Fe800 after 100 cycles at C/20 rate and at 40°C (Fe800-40°C-100cycles) and Fe800 after 40 cycles at C/20 rate and at 60°C (Fe800-60°C-40cycles).…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction Study Of the Materials Recovered After Lonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical performances in temperature for a C-containing LiFePO4 composite synthesized at high temperature

Maccario

Croguennec

Cras

et al. 2008

Journal of Power Sources

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C-LiFePO4 composite was synthesized by mechanochemical activation using iron and lithium phosphates and also cellulose as carbon precursor; this mixture was heated at 800°C under argon during a short time. Long range cyclings at different temperatures (RT, 40°C and 60°C) and at C/20 rate between 2 and 4.5 V vs. Li + /Li were carried out with this C-LiFePO4 composite as positive electrode material in lithium cells. Whatever the cycling conditions used, rather good electrochemical performances were obtained, with a capacity close to the theoretical one and a good cycle life, especially at RT -up to 100 cycles -and at 40°C with ~ 80 % of the initial capacity maintained after 100 cycles. The electrodes recovered after long range cycling were characterized by X-ray diffraction; whatever the cycling temperature no significant structural changes (cell parameters, bond lengths, …) were shown to occur. Nevertheless, iron was found to be present at the negative electrode -as already observed by Amine and co-workers -after long range cycling at 60°C: other analyses have to be done to identify the origin of this iron (from an impurity or from LiFePO4 itself) and to quantify this amount vs. that of active C-LiFePO4 material using larger cells.

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More on the performance of LiFePO4 electrodes—The effect of synthesis route, solution composition, aging, and temperature

Cited by 155 publications

References 34 publications

Calendar aging of a graphite/LiFePO4 cell

Calendar aging of a graphite/LiFePO4 cell

Graft copolymer-based lithium-ion battery for high-temperature operation

Electrochemical performances in temperature for a C-containing LiFePO4 composite synthesized at high temperature

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