Abstract:We found an increase in the use of CRM skills after classroom-based crew resource management training. This study adds to the body of evidence that CRM trainings have the potential to increase patient safety by reducing communication flaws, which play an important role in health care-related adverse events.
“…For instance, meta-analyses suggest psychological safety has a positive relationship with information sharing, voice, and work engagement (Frazier, Fainshmidt, Klinger, Pezeshkan, & Vracheva, 2017). Organizations with safety culture might also be more likely to participate in debrief discussions to communicate feedback on what was done well and what can be improved (Queenan, Kull, & Devaraj, 2016; Thomas et al, 2012; Verbeek-van Noord, de Bruijne, Twisk, van Dyck, & Wagner, 2015). In summary, our review suggests that the assumptions, values, and norms of safety culture are enacted through communication and information exchange, which subsequently produce safety outcomes and reinforce safety culture.…”
Section: How Is Safety Culture Enacted In Performance?mentioning
Objective:This study reviews theoretical models of organizational safety culture to uncover key factors in safety culture development.Background:Research supports the important role of safety culture in organizations, but theoretical progress has been stunted by a disjointed literature base. It is currently unclear how different elements of an organizational system function to influence safety culture, limiting the practical utility of important research findings.Method:We reviewed existing models of safety culture and categorized model dimensions by the proposed function they serve in safety culture development. We advance a framework grounded in theory on organizational culture, social identity, and social learning to facilitate convergence toward a unified approach to studying and supporting safety culture.Results:Safety culture is a relatively stable social construct, gradually shaped over time by multilevel influences. We identify seven enabling factors that create conditions allowing employees to adopt safety culture values, assumptions, and norms; and four behaviors used to enact them. The consequences of these enacting behaviors provide feedback that may reinforce or revise held values, assumptions, and norms.Conclusion:This framework synthesizes information across fragmented conceptualizations to clearly depict the dynamic nature of safety culture and specific drivers of its development. We suggest that safety culture development may depend on employee learning from behavioral outcomes, conducive enabling factors, and consistency over time.Application:This framework guides efforts to understand and develop safety culture in practice and lends researchers a foundation for advancing theory on the complex, dynamic processes involved in safety culture development.
“…For instance, meta-analyses suggest psychological safety has a positive relationship with information sharing, voice, and work engagement (Frazier, Fainshmidt, Klinger, Pezeshkan, & Vracheva, 2017). Organizations with safety culture might also be more likely to participate in debrief discussions to communicate feedback on what was done well and what can be improved (Queenan, Kull, & Devaraj, 2016; Thomas et al, 2012; Verbeek-van Noord, de Bruijne, Twisk, van Dyck, & Wagner, 2015). In summary, our review suggests that the assumptions, values, and norms of safety culture are enacted through communication and information exchange, which subsequently produce safety outcomes and reinforce safety culture.…”
Section: How Is Safety Culture Enacted In Performance?mentioning
Objective:This study reviews theoretical models of organizational safety culture to uncover key factors in safety culture development.Background:Research supports the important role of safety culture in organizations, but theoretical progress has been stunted by a disjointed literature base. It is currently unclear how different elements of an organizational system function to influence safety culture, limiting the practical utility of important research findings.Method:We reviewed existing models of safety culture and categorized model dimensions by the proposed function they serve in safety culture development. We advance a framework grounded in theory on organizational culture, social identity, and social learning to facilitate convergence toward a unified approach to studying and supporting safety culture.Results:Safety culture is a relatively stable social construct, gradually shaped over time by multilevel influences. We identify seven enabling factors that create conditions allowing employees to adopt safety culture values, assumptions, and norms; and four behaviors used to enact them. The consequences of these enacting behaviors provide feedback that may reinforce or revise held values, assumptions, and norms.Conclusion:This framework synthesizes information across fragmented conceptualizations to clearly depict the dynamic nature of safety culture and specific drivers of its development. We suggest that safety culture development may depend on employee learning from behavioral outcomes, conducive enabling factors, and consistency over time.Application:This framework guides efforts to understand and develop safety culture in practice and lends researchers a foundation for advancing theory on the complex, dynamic processes involved in safety culture development.
“…While discussing situational awareness, difficulties in practicing this skill, and its dependence on a variety of factors were mentioned. Other authors also classify situational awareness as very difficult to observe and measure compared to other non-technical skills [34]. However, it must be mentioned that differences between non-technical skills are not very big in this study, and therefore, the above interpretation should not be overestimated.…”
Crew Resource Management (CRM) is a simulation-based team training that strives to reduce human errors in emergencies and to increase patient safety by improving nontechnical skills. This qualitative study examines the current implementation and effectiveness of medical CRM training in German-speaking countries (Germany and Switzerland). Data was collected through interviews with 20 experts who conduct CRM training in various disciplines and application contexts. The material was analyzed first, using qualitative content analysis, and second, a frequency analysis was conducted. In order to ensure inter-rater reliability, Cohen's kappa was calculated. The results are consistent with research and showed that CRM in German-speaking countries is mainly based on the same principles, and training is conducted similarly. However, CRM is not widespread yet and requires consistent standards. Improvement in behavior in everyday professional life after training sessions have been observed, but no clear evidence of effectiveness on the outcome of the training has been provided to this point. Utilizing this study, German-speaking CRM applicants can compare their training implementation with that of the presented sample. This study is the first to assess the current implementation and effectiveness of CRM in German-speaking countries from the perspective of different disciplines and professions in the medical sector.
“…A formação em CRM possui potencial para aumentar a segurança do paciente, através da redução de possíveis falhas de comunicação. Numa fase pós treino, verificou-se o incremento das competências não técnicas dos participantes, nomeadamente na vertente das competências comunicacionais em ambiente crítico (29) .…”
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