More efficient biomass gasification via torrefaction

Prins, MJ Mark; Ptasinski, KJ Krzysztof; Janssen, F.J.J.G.

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2006.03.008

Cited by 568 publications

(393 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…For instance, the bio-oils produced from a commercial wood biomass feed (Lignocel HBS 150-500) originated from beech wood contain mainly phenols, alcohols, and carbonyls with concentrations varying significantly with conditions of prolysis, 24 while the bio-oils obtained via fast pyrolysis of rice husk comprise mainly formic acid (7.69%), b-hydroxybutyric acid (2.31%), toluene (5.00%), benzoic acid, 3-methyl (1.15%), 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid (1.22%), and other organic compounds. 25 Extensive studies have been carried out on biomass conversion; several technologies such as an entrained flow reactor, circulating fluid bed gasifier, [26][27][28] vacuum pyrolysis, 29 and vortex reactor 28 have been demonstrated to be effective. The overall energy to biomass ratio of a well-controlled pyrolytic process could be as high as 95.5%.…”

Section: Bio-oil and Bio-syngasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30 These technologies can be classified into two categories: (1) pyrolysis, the primary product of which is pyrolytic liquids (bio-oils) and (2) gasification, with ''syngas'' as the primary product. 23,26 Canadian companies have shown world leadership in this field. Ensyn Corp (EC) (http://www.ensyn.com/), a private company based in Ottawa, Ontario, developed one of the most successful biomass conversion technologies, Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP).…”

Section: Bio-oil and Bio-syngasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biofuels from Microalgae

Horsman

et al. 2008

Biotechnology Progress

942

397

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Microalgae are a diverse group of prokaryotic and eukaryotic photosynthetic microorganisms that grow rapidly due to their simple structure. They can potentially be employed for the production of biofuels in an economically effective and environmentally sustainable manner. Microalgae have been investigated for the production of a number of different biofuels including biodiesel, bio-oil, bio-syngas, and bio-hydrogen. The production of these biofuels can be coupled with flue gas CO 2 mitigation, wastewater treatment, and the production of high-value chemicals. Microalgal farming can also be carried out with seawater using marine microalgal species as the producers. Developments in microalgal cultivation and downstream processing (e.g., harvesting, drying, and thermochemical processing) are expected to further enhance the costeffectiveness of the biofuel from microalgae strategy.

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Section: Bio-oil and Bio-syngasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bio-oil and Bio-syngasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofuels from Microalgae

Horsman

et al. 2008

Biotechnology Progress

942

397

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“…The microfibrils which aggregate into very long strands by polysaccharides are enclosed in a continuous system of amorphous lignin. By decomposing hemicellulose in the torrefaction process, the orientation of the microfibrils in the lignin matrix may change, which influences the viscoelastic properties of the biomass [6]. Arias [1] investigated raw biomass and torrefied biomass by optical microscopy and found that after pyrolysis, the fibers between the biomass particles were broken and the decrease in biomass particle size is mainly because of the reduction in length and the change to spherical geometry.…”

Section: Grindability and Energy Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During this process, most of the water and some light volatiles are removed from the biomass. Prins et al [4][5][6] undertook comprehensive studies on pyrolysis kinetics and characteristics of the pyrolysis products of willow, straw and larch using thermogravimetry and a semi-industrial scale bench at 230-300°C. Saravanakumar et al [7] studied the conversion of wood by pyrolysis to charcoal in a partial combustion kiln (under different conditions) to understand the influence of moisture content, type and size during charcoal generation, the main reactions at different temperature and the characteristics of carbocoal.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pretreatment of biomass by torrefaction

et al. 2011

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Agricultural biomass has some drawbacks such as high moisture content, low energy density and wide distribution and as a result, the cost of transport and storage are high. Moreover, raw biomass has poor grindability so its use in a pulverized boiler or entrained flow gasifier is difficult. Torrefaction is a mild pyrolysis process carried out at temperatures ranging from 200°C to 300°C to deal with these problems. The cotton stalk and wheat straw were torrefied in a fix-bed reactor at moderate temperatures (200°C, 230°C, 250°C, 270°C and 300°C) under N 2 for 30 min. The biomass chars after torrefaction had higher energy density and improved grindability characteristics compared with raw biomass and they also showed hydrophobic characteristics. The volatiles consist of a condensable fraction and a non-condensable fraction. The former mainly contained water and tar (organic products but mainly acetic acid). The non-condensable products are typically comprised of CO 2 , CO and a small amount of CH 4 and even trace H 2 . The volatiles increased with an increase in the torrefaction temperature but the solid yield and the energy yield decreased. However, the grindability and energy density of the biomass char showed great improvement. A kinetic study on the generation of the main non-condensable gases was undertaken and we conclude that the gases are formed by parallel independent first-order reactions. Characteristic kinetic parameters for the generation of each gas were determined.

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“…The torrefaction process drives off more oxygen and hydrogen compared to carbon, which in turn increases calorific value of the product (Uslu et al 2008). The net caloric value of torrefied biomass ranges from 18 to 23 MJ/kg (LHV, dry) or 20 to 24 MJ/kg (HHV, dry) Prins 2005). …”

Section: Torrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Biomass Densification Technologie for Energy Application

Tumuluru¹,

Wright²

2010

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It is generally acknowledged that burning fossil fuels and deforestation are major contributors to anthropogenic climate change. Biomass from plants can serve as an alternative renewable and carbon-neutral raw material for the production of energy. Low densities of 80-150 kg/m 3 for herbaceous and 150-200 kg/m 3 for woody biomass limit their application in energy production. Prior to cost-effective use in energy applications, these materials need to be densified to increase their bulk densities to help reduce technical limitations associated with storage, loading, and transportation. Pelleting, briquetting, or extrusion processing are methods commonly used to achieve densification. The aim of the present report is a comprehensive review of biomass processing, which includes densification technologies and specific energy consumption, biomass pretreatment methods, densification process modeling, and optimization. The specific objectives include:

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More efficient biomass gasification via torrefaction

Cited by 568 publications

References 4 publications

Biofuels from Microalgae

Biofuels from Microalgae

Pretreatment of biomass by torrefaction

A Review on Biomass Densification Technologie for Energy Application

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