Morbillivirus Infection in a Wild Siberian Tiger in the Russian Far East

Quigley, Kathy; Evermann, James F.; Leathers, C. W.; Armstrong, Douglas L.; Goodrich, John M.; Duncan, Neil; Miquelle, Dale G.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-46.4.1252

Cited by 44 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…It has also been suggested that focal spread of CDV across the glia limitans from infected cells in the pia mater to neurons in the underlying brain parenchyma may provide an additional route of neuroinvasion in dogs (7,8). Meningoencephalitis is also a feature of CDV infection of other species, with distemper inclusion bodies observed in the meninges of infected foxes (21) and histological evidence of meningoencephalitis reported in black-footed ferrets and a Siberian tiger (33,45). While some morbilliviruses such as measles or rinderpest virus rarely spread to the CNS, meningoencephalitis has also been reported in seals and dolphins infected with phocine distemper and cetacean morbilliviruses, respectively (16,17,23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Recombinant Canine Distemper Virus Strain Snyder Hill Expressing Green or Red Fluorescent Proteins Causes Meningoencephalitis in the Ferret

Ludlow

Nguyen

Silin

et al. 2012

J Virol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Recombinant Canine Distemper Virus Strain Snyder Hill Expressing Green or Red Fluorescent Proteins Causes Meningoencephalitis in the Ferret

Ludlow

Nguyen

Silin

et al. 2012

J Virol

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“…Mass vaccination of domestic dogs has been proposed as a strategy for protecting endangered wildlife in many areas (26,27), but concerns arise over its cost-effectiveness as a conservation tool within a potentially complex system, especially when the contribution of dogs to disease maintenance is uncertain (28). The implementation of mass dog vaccination programs in the Serengeti ecosystem since 1996, although driven largely by the need to control rabies (29), provides an opportunity to evaluate the impact of dog vaccination on CDV infection in both dog and wildlife populations.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of a morbillivirus at the domestic–wildlife interface: Canine distemper virus in domestic dogs and lions

Viana

Cleaveland

Matthiopoulos

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

135

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Morbilliviruses cause many diseases of medical and veterinary importance, and although some (e.g., measles and rinderpest) have been controlled successfully, others, such as canine distemper virus (CDV), are a growing concern. A propensity for host-switching has resulted in CDV emergence in new species, including endangered wildlife, posing challenges for controlling disease in multispecies communities. CDV is typically associated with domestic dogs, but little is known about its maintenance and transmission in speciesrich areas or about the potential role of domestic dog vaccination as a means of reducing disease threats to wildlife. We address these questions by analyzing a long-term serological dataset of CDV in lions and domestic dogs from Tanzania's Serengeti ecosystem. Using a Bayesian state-space model, we show that dynamics of CDV have changed considerably over the past three decades. Initially, peaks of CDV infection in dogs preceded those in lions, suggesting that spill-over from dogs was the main driver of infection in wildlife. However, despite dog-to-lion transmission dominating cross-species transmission models, infection peaks in lions became more frequent and asynchronous from those in dogs, suggesting that other wildlife species may play a role in a potentially complex maintenance community. Widespread mass vaccination of domestic dogs reduced the probability of infection in dogs and the size of outbreaks but did not prevent transmission to or peaks of infection in lions. This study demonstrates the complexity of CDV dynamics in natural ecosystems and the value of long-term, large-scale datasets for investigating transmission patterns and evaluating disease control strategies.cross-species transmission | multihost pathogens | reservoirs | state-space models | serology T he genus Morbillivirus includes highly contagious, and often fatal, RNA viruses that cause diseases of great public health, economic, and conservation concern, such as measles, rinderpest, and canine distemper. Canine distemper virus (CDV) is distributed worldwide and affects an expanding range of host species, including domestic and wild canids (1, 2), marine mammals (3), felids (2, 4, 5), procyonids and ursids (6), and nonhuman primates (7-9). The propensity of CDV for host-switching has raised concerns about both potential risks for humans (10) and extinction threats to endangered wildlife (11-13).Although previously thought to be nonpathogenic in cats, outbreaks among large captive felids in the 1990s drew attention to CDV as a potential conservation threat to felids (2). The beststudied example of CDV infection in free-ranging felids comes from Tanzania's Serengeti ecosystem (Fig. 1A), where a CDV epidemic in 1994 killed ∼30% of lions (Panthera leo) and affected several Significance Morbilliviruses are a growing concern because of their ability to infect multiple species. The spill-over of canine distemper virus (CDV) from domestic dogs has been associated with severe declines in wild carnivores worldwide, and therefore mass...

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“…Traditionally, CDV is well known to cause potentially lethal disease among members of Canidae, Mustelidae, and Procyonidae. Recently, CDV has been recognized as a cause of morbidity and mortality in large felids, such as lions (Panthera leo) in Tanzania's Serengeti National Park in 1994 [32]; lions, tigers (Panthera tigris), leopards (Panthera pardus), and a jaguar (Panthera onca) in North American zoos in 1991-1992 [3]; and one Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) in Pokrovka, Russia, in 2004 [31]. Furthermore, CDV infection also has been reported in many non-carnivorous species, including collared peccaries (Tayassu tajacu) in Arizona [2] and non-human primates (Macaca fuscata, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca mulatta) [24,30,34,39].…”

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confidence: 99%

An Outbreak of Canine Distemper Virus in Tigers (<i>Panthera tigris</i>): Possible Transmission from Wild Animals to Zoo Animals

et al. 2012

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ABSTRACT. Canine distemper virus (CDV), a morbillivirus that causes one of the most contagious and lethal viral diseases known in canids, has an expanding host range, including wild animals. Since December 2009, several dead or dying wild raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) were found in and around one safari-style zoo in Japan, and CDV was isolated from four of these animals. In the subsequent months (January to February 2010), 12 tigers (Panthera tigris) in the zoo developed respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases, and CDV RNA was detected in fecal samples of the examined tigers. In March 2010, one of the tigers developed a neurological disorder and died; CDV was isolated from the lung of this animal. Sequence analysis of the complete hemagglutinin (H) gene and the signal peptide region of the fusion (F) gene showed high homology among these isolates (99.8-100%), indicating that CDV might have been transmitted from raccoon dog to tiger. In addition, these isolates belonged to genotype Asia-1 and had lower homology (<90%) to the vaccine strain (Onderstepoort). Seropositivity of lions (Panthera leo) in the zoo and wild bears (Ursus thibetanus) captured around this area supported the theory that a CDV epidemic had occurred in many mammal species in and around the zoo. These results indicate a risk of CDV transmission among many animal species, including large felids and endangered species.

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Morbillivirus Infection in a Wild Siberian Tiger in the Russian Far East

Cited by 44 publications

References 8 publications

Recombinant Canine Distemper Virus Strain Snyder Hill Expressing Green or Red Fluorescent Proteins Causes Meningoencephalitis in the Ferret

Recombinant Canine Distemper Virus Strain Snyder Hill Expressing Green or Red Fluorescent Proteins Causes Meningoencephalitis in the Ferret

Dynamics of a morbillivirus at the domestic–wildlife interface: Canine distemper virus in domestic dogs and lions

An Outbreak of Canine Distemper Virus in Tigers (<i>Panthera tigris</i>): Possible Transmission from Wild Animals to Zoo Animals

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