Morbillivirus-associated unusual mortality event in South Australian bottlenose dolphins is largest reported for the Southern Hemisphere

Kemper, Catherine M.; Tomo, Ikuko; Bingham, John; Bastianello, Stella S.; Wang, J.; Gibbs, S. E.; Woolford, Lucy; Dickason, C.; Kelly, D.

doi:10.1098/rsos.160838

Cited by 41 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Stress induced by environmental changes in particular has been linked to the suppression of immune responses to disease in marine mammals (Wilson et al, 1999). The initial months of the UME and CeMV outbreak in SA were accompanied by abnormally high sea surface temperatures (+3-5°C), and several fish mortality events predominantly on the same side of SVG as most of the dolphin deaths (Kemper et al, 2016).…”

Section: Stress Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ANK3 can also prevent syncytia (Lang, Wickenden, Wynne, & Lucy, 1984), which can form due to viral fusion proteins, including in the family Paramyxoviridae (Watanabe et al, 2015). In the SA UME, large syncytia, particularly in the lungs, were present in 53% of CeMV-related dolphin mortalities (Kemper et al, 2016). Therefore, variation within this gene, and potential differences in expression levels, may have provided a protective effect to some individuals, making them more resistant to the virus.…”

Section: Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent increase in the reporting of disease outbreaks and unusual mortality events (UME) of cetacean populations has raised concerns over the seemingly declining health of populations and their ecosystems (Gulland & Hall, 2007). The term "UME" relates to the unexpected deaths within a cetacean population at densities greater than the annual mean number of deaths, which demands a rapid response by managers (Kemper et al, 2016). In cetaceans, UMEs have been caused by pathogens, harmful algal blooms (HAB's), bacteria and parasites, exposure to pollutants and nutrients, changes in oceanographic conditions, or human interactions (Cammen, Schultz, Rosel, Wells, & Read, 2015;Gulland & Hall, 2007;Kemper et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome‐wide association study of an unusual dolphin mortality event reveals candidate genes for susceptibility and resistance to cetacean morbillivirus

Batley

Sandoval‐Castillo

Kemper

et al. 2018

Evolutionary Applications

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Infectious diseases are significant demographic and evolutionary drivers of populations, but studies about the genetic basis of disease resistance and susceptibility are scarce in wildlife populations. Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) is a highly contagious disease that is increasing in both geographic distribution and incidence, causing unusual mortality events (UME) and killing tens of thousands of individuals across multiple cetacean species worldwide since the late 1980s. The largest CeMV outbreak in the Southern Hemisphere reported to date occurred in Australia in 2013, where it was a major factor in a UME, killing mainly young Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops aduncus ). Using cases (nonsurvivors) and controls (putative survivors) from the most affected population, we carried out a genome‐wide association study to identify candidate genes for resistance and susceptibility to CeMV. The genomic data set consisted of 278,147,988 sequence reads and 35,493 high‐quality SNPs genotyped across 38 individuals. Association analyses found highly significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies among cases and controls at 65 SNPs, and Random Forests conservatively identified eight as candidates. Annotation of these SNPs identified five candidate genes ( MAPK8 , FBXW11 , INADL , ANK3 and ACOX3 ) with functions associated with stress, pain and immune responses. Our findings provide the first insights into the genetic basis of host defence to this highly contagious disease, enabling the development of an applied evolutionary framework to monitor CeMV resistance across cetacean species. Biomarkers could now be established to assess potential risk factors associated with these genes in other CeMV‐affected cetacean populations and species. These results could also possibly aid in the advancement of vaccines against morbilliviruses.

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Section: Stress Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome‐wide association study of an unusual dolphin mortality event reveals candidate genes for susceptibility and resistance to cetacean morbillivirus

Batley

Sandoval‐Castillo

Kemper

et al. 2018

Evolutionary Applications

Self Cite

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“…Epidemiology of morbillivirus infections illustrates the episodic and contagious nature of the infections. Large unusual mortality events related to cetacean morbillivirus have occurred in many areas on repeated occasions ( Duignan et al, 1996;Kemper et al, 2016;Lipscomb et al, 1994). DMV infection in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) is sporadic and present at low levels.…”

Section: Rna Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cetacea

Leger

Raverty

Mena

2018

Pathology of Wildlife and Zoo Animals

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“…Pulmonary infections are common among wild and captive dolphins and have been attributed to a variety of etiologic agents including Aspergillus fumigatus (Delaney et al 2013), brucellosis (Cassle et al 2013), salmonellosis (Davison et al 2010), Mycobacterium abscessus (Clayton et al 2012), and morbillivirus (Kemper et al 2016) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal fibrino-hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia associated with Morganella morganii in a bottlenose dolphin: a case report

Elfadl¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

et al. 2017

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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A 5 yr old, 184 kg, and 262 cm total length female bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus was found dead in a display after bloody discharge from the blowhole was observed 3 h prior to death. Pathological examination revealed fibrinous bronchopneumonia with prominent areas of necrosis (sequestra) and numerous Gram-negative bacilli within alveoli and in blood vessels of the lungs and liver and between muscle fibers. The cause of death was attributed to septicemia. Often, cases of fibrinous bronchopneumonia are characterized by bacteremia in the latter stages of infection, resulting in the death of the animal. Septicemia likely accounts for the ecchymoses and petechiae noted on the spleen, pancreas, forestomach, lungs, visceral peritoneum, and small intestine. Additional lesions included hemothorax, stable red frothy fluid in the trachea, and lymphoid depletion in the spleen and lymph nodes. Pure growth of Morganella morganii was isolated from the lungs, blood, liver, and blowhole mucosa. Sequencing of 16s rRNA of the isolated bacteria showed more than 99.6% identity with M. morganii strain FDAARGOS_172. To our knowledge, this is the first report of fatal fibrinonecrotizing bronchopneumonia associated with M. morganii infection in a cetacean.KEY WORDS: Gram-negative bacilli · 16s RNA · Lungs · Sequestra · Hemothorax Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 127: [41][42][43][44][45][46][47] 2017 ( Thornton et al. 1998). It is also considered a possible cause of swollen head syndrome in broiler chickens in Japan (Tanaka et al. 1995). Respiratory infections associated with this bacterium have been described in piglets (Ono et al. 2001), a jaguar (Choi et al. 2002), a guinea pig (Vandenberge et al. 2013), and a rabbit (Roels et al. 2007). CLINICAL HISTORYA 5 yr old juvenile female bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus with a body weight of 184 kg and a total length of 262 cm was transported from Japan to a new aquarium in South Korea. The dolphin was transferred by car from Wakayama to the port of Osaka, Japan (6 h journey including waiting time in the port), then ferried to Busan, Korea (19 h journey). Finally, the animal was transported to Ulsan Dolphinarium by car (3 h journey).Three months later the animal acutely developed signs of anorexia, slight fever, and abnormal vertical movement in the pool. Bloody discharge from the mouth and blowhole as well as bloody feces were observed 6 h prior to death. Fluids (0.9% NaCl 1000 ml, intraveneous [IV]) were administered with antibiotics, including enrofloxacin 900 mg (intramuscular [IM]), gentamicin 720 mg (IM), cefazolin 3500 mg (IV), and cimetidine 1000 mg (IV). MATERIALS AND METHODS Necropsy and histopathologyA full necropsy was performed 19 h after death, and representative samples from multiple organs were fixed in 10% neutral formalin and submitted for histopathological examination. An additional set of tissues were sampled and individually labeled for ancillary diagnostic studies. Slides were prepared ...

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Morbillivirus-associated unusual mortality event in South Australian bottlenose dolphins is largest reported for the Southern Hemisphere

Cited by 41 publications

References 37 publications

Genome‐wide association study of an unusual dolphin mortality event reveals candidate genes for susceptibility and resistance to cetacean morbillivirus

Genome‐wide association study of an unusual dolphin mortality event reveals candidate genes for susceptibility and resistance to cetacean morbillivirus

Cetacea

Fatal fibrino-hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia associated with Morganella morganii in a bottlenose dolphin: a case report

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