Morbidity and mortality profile of preterm neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care centre in Western Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Background: Preterm birth is a major cause of mortality and morbidity for newborns. Complications of prematurity are becoming more common as more survivors are spending time in Neonatal intensive care unit.Methods: A retrospective hospital based clinical observational study was conducted in NICU in Sharda hospital, a tertiary care centre in Greater Noida. Data regarding neonates′ age, sex, clinical presentation, maternal risk factors, complications and outcome were recorded.Results: A total of 133 preterm neonates were enrolled in the study. Maternal risk factors like Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) was seen in 19.5% cases, Urinary tract infection in 15% and Antepartum haemorrhage in 14.2% cases. Among the complications of prematurity, RDS was noted in 38.3% cases, Hyperbilirubinemia in 16.5% and feed intolerance in 15% cases. Sepsis was present in 3% of the preterm. Mortality rate was 7.5%. Most common cause of death was RDS.Conclusions: Pregnancy induced hypertension and Antepartum haemorrhage were important maternal risk factors for prematurity. Respiratory distress syndrome and perinatal asphyxia were the important causes of mortality in the present study.

Morbidity and mortality patterns of preterm low birthweight neonates admitted to referral hospitals in the Amhara region of Ethiopia: retrospective follow-up study

“…14 15 The mortality rate of preterm LBW neonates differs depending on the type of morbidity. 16 17 The risk of developing morbidities varied among different categories of preterm LBW neonates. Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) and extremely preterm neonates have higher rates of morbidity and mortality.…”

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Admissions among Preterm Babies in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

“…This finding was consistent with the finding of other studies which had shown a male predominance. 6 , 7 This trend is common in South Asian regions where male preference is prevalent and males are given more care. The present study showed that 49 (90.74%) of preterms were born to mothers less than 35 years as compared to 5 (9.26%) preterms born to mothers with ages more than 35 years.…”

Effect of Preterm Birth on the Risk of Adverse Perinatal and Neonatal Outcomes in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…94 This can be explained by the fact that preterm babies have immature lungs and other vital organs, which exposed them to respiratory problems including infections, facing difficulty to adapt the extra-uterine life. Premature newborns are at risk for death during the neonatal period 21 due to higher rates of associated neonatal morbidities such as neonatal sepsis, 95 neonatal near miss and foetal malformations, 96 leukaemia, 97 retinopathy of prematurity, 12,21 respiratory distress, feed intolerance and jaundice 98 and neonatal sepsis. [98][99][100] A recent study conducted in Ethiopia also showed the highest rate of preterm mortality was attributed to respiratory problems distress syndrome (45%), infections (30%) and asphyxia (14%).…”

“…Premature newborns are at risk for death during the neonatal period 21 due to higher rates of associated neonatal morbidities such as neonatal sepsis, 95 neonatal near miss and foetal malformations, 96 leukaemia, 97 retinopathy of prematurity, 12,21 respiratory distress, feed intolerance and jaundice 98 and neonatal sepsis. [98][99][100] A recent study conducted in Ethiopia also showed the highest rate of preterm mortality was attributed to respiratory problems distress syndrome (45%), infections (30%) and asphyxia (14%). 101 Thus, to reduce morbidity and mortality of preterm neonates improving the interventions during the antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum period for the women and the newborn like optimal care in temperature maintenance, adequate feeding, hygienic cord and skincare, and early detection is needed.…”

“…Premature newborns are at risk for death during the neonatal period 21 due to higher rates of associated neonatal morbidities such as neonatal sepsis, 95 neonatal near miss and foetal malformations, 96 leukaemia, 97 retinopathy of prematurity, 12 , 21 respiratory distress, feed intolerance and jaundice 98 and neonatal sepsis. 98 – 100 …”