Abstract:Background
The current pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shown epidemiological and clinical characteristics that appear worsened in hypertensive patients. The morbidity and mortality of the disease among hypertensive patients in Africa have yet to be well described.
Methods
In this retrospective cohort study all confirmed COVID-19 adult patients (≥18 years of ag… Show more
“…Similar findings have been reported in studies where the COVID-19-related mortality is reported to be associated with comorbid health conditions. 24,25 Although our participants working in the wards/ICUs rated these places as high-risk workplaces, the literature showed that working in the intensive care unit was not associated with increased risk of infection possibly due to protection afforded by high levels of PPEs and a decrease in infectivity that occurs in the later stages of illness although among critically ill patients. 26,27 To the best of our knowledge, this study about the perceptions of HCPs and particularly doctors in Pakistan about risks and deaths associated with COVID-19 is the first survey conducted in Pakistan.…”
COVID-19 is an established challenge to the health care professionals (HCPs) having physical, emotional, and psychological repercussions. We determine the perceptions of Pakistani HCPs regarding the risks and deaths related to COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was conducted among HCPs throughout Pakistan from 16th February 2021 to 6th March 2021 by disseminating an online Google questionnaire via all possible social media platforms including WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, and emails. Out of total of 462 HCPs, 33.55% tested COVID-19 positive and 49.43% had received their first dose of COVID-19 vaccine. The proportion of HCPs worried about contracting COVID-19 was 46.97%. A total of 69.48% mentioned that doctors are at a higher risk of dying from COVID-19 infection compared to the general population. In a dichotomous analysis done for risk perception, 72.06% of doctors reported a high-risk perception of contracting COVID-19 in hospital settings. The main reasons identified to be associated with higher mortality amongst the HCPs, specifically doctors, included comorbidities (47.26%), working in high-risk wards (24.02%) and lack of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) (28.72%). Using univariate and multivariate regression the HCPs tested positive rated two-fold high risk while performing professional duty during COVID-19 pandemic [unadjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)): 2.23 (1.24–4.02), P = .007; adjusted OR (95% CI) 2.27 (1.22–4.19), P = .009]. In conclusion, Pakistani HCPs have significant COVID–19-related concerns and anxieties. The doctors perceived to be at a higher risk of dying with COVID-19, due to a variety of personal and professional reasons.
“…Similar findings have been reported in studies where the COVID-19-related mortality is reported to be associated with comorbid health conditions. 24,25 Although our participants working in the wards/ICUs rated these places as high-risk workplaces, the literature showed that working in the intensive care unit was not associated with increased risk of infection possibly due to protection afforded by high levels of PPEs and a decrease in infectivity that occurs in the later stages of illness although among critically ill patients. 26,27 To the best of our knowledge, this study about the perceptions of HCPs and particularly doctors in Pakistan about risks and deaths associated with COVID-19 is the first survey conducted in Pakistan.…”
COVID-19 is an established challenge to the health care professionals (HCPs) having physical, emotional, and psychological repercussions. We determine the perceptions of Pakistani HCPs regarding the risks and deaths related to COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was conducted among HCPs throughout Pakistan from 16th February 2021 to 6th March 2021 by disseminating an online Google questionnaire via all possible social media platforms including WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, and emails. Out of total of 462 HCPs, 33.55% tested COVID-19 positive and 49.43% had received their first dose of COVID-19 vaccine. The proportion of HCPs worried about contracting COVID-19 was 46.97%. A total of 69.48% mentioned that doctors are at a higher risk of dying from COVID-19 infection compared to the general population. In a dichotomous analysis done for risk perception, 72.06% of doctors reported a high-risk perception of contracting COVID-19 in hospital settings. The main reasons identified to be associated with higher mortality amongst the HCPs, specifically doctors, included comorbidities (47.26%), working in high-risk wards (24.02%) and lack of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) (28.72%). Using univariate and multivariate regression the HCPs tested positive rated two-fold high risk while performing professional duty during COVID-19 pandemic [unadjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)): 2.23 (1.24–4.02), P = .007; adjusted OR (95% CI) 2.27 (1.22–4.19), P = .009]. In conclusion, Pakistani HCPs have significant COVID–19-related concerns and anxieties. The doctors perceived to be at a higher risk of dying with COVID-19, due to a variety of personal and professional reasons.
“…Four studies found preexisting CVD was associated with higher COVID-19 mortality, including 2 high-quality studies using databases from South Africa to pool together large samples. 10,11,31,32 In a national hospital registry across South Africa with 219 265 COVID-19 patients, 39% had hypertension and 23% died. 32 Both hypertension and CVD were associated with a higher adjusted odds of COVID-19 mortality (hypertension: aOR, 1.1 [95% CI, 1.0-1.1]; CVD: aOR, 2.2 [95% CI, 2.1-2.3]) after adjusting for age, race, diabetes, chronic cardiac disease, chronic renal disease, malignancy, tuberculosis, HIV, admission month, health sector, and province.…”
Section: Covid-19 Mortalitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The largest and highest quality evidence from SSA indicates a strong association between preexisting hypertension and CVD and COVID-19 severity and death. 10,11,31,32 Studies on preexisting hypertension or CVD on emerging viral infections showed that hypertension and CVD increased the chance of severe COVID-19 (RR, 2.5) in studies on the individual level but no association on the country level in ecological studies, perhaps because average country summary measures are often inaccurate in SSA. The association between hypertension or CVD on COVID-19 mortality was more thoroughly explored, with higher odds and RRs for CVD (2.2-6.6) than for hypertension (1.1-2.3) after multivariable adjustment in South Africa, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, and Guinea.…”
Section: Lessons From Existing Studiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Four large studies found a statistically significant association between preexisting hypertension, CVD, and higher COVID-19 infection rates or severity with median age ranging from 28 to 41 years and female sex ranging from 30% to 37% of study populations. [9][10][11][12] In a retrospective cohort of 2617 patients identified through community screening in Ethiopia, 3% had hypertension or CVD, and these were associated with a higher risk ratio (RR) for severe COVID-19 (RR, 2.5 [95% CI, 1.5-4.2]). 9 A cohort study among isolation centers in urban Nigeria found among 2071 patients, 18% had hypertension and 0.7% had CVD.…”
Section: Covid-19 Infection and Severitymentioning
Background:
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has the highest age-adjusted burden of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). SSA also experiences many viral infections due to unique environmental and societal factors. The purpose of this narrative review is to examine evidence around how hypertension, CVD, and emerging viral infections interact in SSA.
Methods:
In September 2021, we conducted a search in MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus, limited to English language studies published since 1990, and found a total of 1169 articles. Forty-seven original studies were included, with 32 on COVID-19 and 15 on other emerging viruses.
Results:
Seven articles, including those with the largest sample size and most robust study design, found an association between preexisting hypertension or CVD and COVID-19 severity or death. Ten smaller studies found no association, and 17 did not calculate statistics to compare groups. Two studies assessed the impact of COVID-19 on incident CVD, with one finding an increase in stroke admissions. For other emerging viruses, 3 studies did not find an association between preexisting hypertension or CVD on West Nile and Lassa fever mortality. Twelve studies examined other emerging viral infections and incident CVD, with 4 finding no association and 8 not calculating statistics.
Conclusions:
Growing evidence from COVID-19 suggests viruses, hypertension, and CVD interact on multiple levels in SSA, but research gaps remain especially for other emerging viral infections. SSA can and must play a leading role in the study and control of emerging viral infections, with expansion of research and public health infrastructure to address these interactions.
“…The ongoing 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID- 19) pandemic results from infection with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). At the time of undertaking this review, the global burden of COVID-19 exceeded 225 million (about 2.9% of the world population) [1].…”
Purpose of reviewAsthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are widely prevalent disorders, and important contributors to morbidity and mortality, in both developing and developed countries. It is conjectured that these obstructive lung diseases may have had more deleterious effects in developing nations during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. We provide an evidence-based perspective on the relationship between asthma/COPD prevalence and COVID-19 burden, and the impact of comorbid asthma/COPD on selected COVID-19 outcomes and healthcare utilization, with special reference to developing countries.
Recent findingsDeveloping countries with higher COPD (but not asthma) prevalence appear to have higher COVID-19 related mortality. Patients with asthma (but not COPD) in developing countries may be less likely to acquire COVID-19. Published literature suggests that the overall impact of comorbid asthma or COPD on adverse COVID-19 outcomes may be broadly similar between developed and developing nations.
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