Morbidity and mortality associated with obesity

Abstract

Obesity and its repercussions constitute an important source of morbidity, impaired quality of life and its complications can have a major bearing on life expectancy. The present article summarizes the most important co-morbidities of obesity and their prevalence. Furthermore, it describes classification and grading systems that can be used to assess the individual and combined impact of co-morbid conditions on mortality risk. The literature was screened for assessment tools that can be deployed in the quantification of morbidity and mortality risk in individual patients. Thirteen specific domains have been identified that account for morbidity and mortality in obesity. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer account for the greatest mortality risk associated with obesity. The King's Criteria and Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS) were identified as useful tools for the detection and monitoring of individual patient mortality risk in obesity care. The stark facts on the complications of obesity should be capitalized on to improve patient management and knowledge and referred to in the wider dissemination of public health messages aimed at improving primary prevention.

Ocular changes and disorders associated with Obesity

“…Obesity is signi icantly associated with enhanced morbidity and mortality rates. It has also various economic, medical and psychological effects and causes health problems including many systemic diseases, economic costs and burdens, social and occupational stigmatization and discrimination and productivity loss [4][5][6]. Obesity carries the increased risk of development of many systemic and chronic diseases, including sleep apnea, depression, insulin resistance, Type 2 (adultonset) diabetes, Gout and related arthritis, degenerative arthritis, hypertension, dyslipidemia, heart disease such as myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, or coronary artery disease, polycystic ovary syndrome and reproductive disorders, Pickwickian syndrome (obesity, red face and hypoventilation), metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cholecystitis, cerebrovascular accident, colonic and renal cancer, rectal and prostatic cancer in males, and gallbladder, uterus and breast cancer in females [6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Clinical Practice Recommendations for the Management of Obesity in the United Arab Emirates

“…It is this excessive body fat which has accumulated that impairs bodily health and predisposes individuals to a range of chronic diseases such as heart disease, hypertension, stroke and diabetes which can lead to disability and death [3], or to debilitating conditions such as osteoarthritis, respiratory disorders and clinical depression which affect the quality of life (QoL) [4]. Obesity is also influenced by genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors [3]. Common measures of obesity include the BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-hip circumference ratio [3].…”

“…Obesity is also influenced by genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors [3]. Common measures of obesity include the BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-hip circumference ratio [3]. …”

Morbidity, mortality, and obesity paradox

“…We read with great interest the article by Abdelaal et al (1) titled "Morbidity and mortality associated with obesity". The authors state that the prevalence and disease burden of high body mass index (BMI) are increasing.…”

“…The authors state that the prevalence and disease burden of high body mass index (BMI) are increasing. The escalating prevalence of obesity and its link to substantial increase in metabolic and cardiovascular disease is a known fact (1). Current studies and meta-analyses, though, demonstrate with consistent effects, the presence of an "obesity paradox" among patients with several diseases such as coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, diabetes and patients undergoing cardiac surgery (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10).…”