Moravia between Gravettian and Magdalenian

Neruda, Petr

doi:10.5817/cz.muni.m210-7781-2015-28

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Processes of abandonment or unsuccessful colonization were given less attention in the context of Late Glacial biogeography, but they are equally important because they reflect limits and constraints on human adaptation [ 3 ]. A growing body of evidence shows that Central Europe was not completely abandoned during the LGM [ 6 , 13 , 118 , 119 ]. Human populations were certainly reduced, but they were still possibly present throughout the Pleniglacial [ 23 , 120 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human populations were certainly reduced, but they were still possibly present throughout the Pleniglacial [ 23 , 120 ]. New findings from eastern Central Europe point to a possible existence of at least seasonally occupied areas with a milder environment [ 118 , 121 , 122 ] where some vertebrate species survived, possibly attracting human hunters. This indicates the importance of local microclimatic conditions [ 118 ] and suggests that the processes taking place in eastern Central Europe were not necessarily the same as in the more extensively studied western part of Central Europe [ 3 , 123 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…New findings from eastern Central Europe point to a possible existence of at least seasonally occupied areas with a milder environment [ 118 , 121 , 122 ] where some vertebrate species survived, possibly attracting human hunters. This indicates the importance of local microclimatic conditions [ 118 ] and suggests that the processes taking place in eastern Central Europe were not necessarily the same as in the more extensively studied western part of Central Europe [ 3 , 123 ]. Following a large-scale synthesis of spatiotemporal processes documented by evidence of raw material gathering, production technologies and calibrated 14 C dates, it seems that the eastern and western populations were not completely separated by the LGM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virtual reconstruction of the Upper Palaeolithic skull from Zlatý Kůň, Czech Republic: Sex assessment and morphological affinity

et al. 2018

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The incomplete cranium discovered at the Zlatý kůň site in the Bohemian Karst is a rare piece of skeletal evidence of human presence in Central Europe during the Late Glacial period. The relative position of cranial fragments was restored and missing parts of the cranium were virtually reconstructed using mirroring and the Thin-plate splines algorithm. The reconstruction allowed us to collect principal cranial measurements, revise a previous unfounded sex assignment and explore the specimen’s morphological affinity. Visual assessment could not reliably provide a sexual diagnosis, as such methods have been developed on modern populations. Using a population-specific approach developed on cranial measurements collected from the literature on reliably sexed European Upper Palaeolithic specimens, linear discriminant analysis confirmed previous assignment to the female sex. However, caution is necessary with regard to the fact that it was assessed from the skull. The Zlatý kůň specimen clearly falls within the range of Upper Palaeolithic craniometric variation. Despite the shift in cranial variation that accompanied the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the Zlatý kůň skull exhibits a morphological affinity with the pre-LGM population. Several interpretations are proposed with regard to the complex population processes that occurred after the LGM in Europe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virtual reconstruction of the Upper Palaeolithic skull from Zlatý Kůň, Czech Republic: Sex assessment and morphological affinity

et al. 2018

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“…BP (Neruda, 2010; Ne-ruda et al, 2009). Despite the generally adopted awareness of the decolonisation of the climatically exposed regions of Central Europe in the LGM and the following period that preceded the Magdalenian colonisation, in recent years, we applied ourselves to the study of an archaeological site, the occupation of which falls within the period, when the LGM petered out, and the LGT that followed, on the grounds of 14 C dating (Nerudová and Ne-ruda, 2015). The evidence of the local more favourable conditions can be documented not only by palaeorecords in vegetation but also by archaeological evidence.…”

Section: Archaeological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

New information augmenting the picture of local environment at the LGM/LGT in the context of the Middle Danube region

Doláková

Novák²

2016

The Holocene

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Records of occupation by humans in the period following shortly after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21 ± 2 kyr cal. BP) are still very rare in Central Europe, since it is inferred that the extreme climatic conditions caused the decolonisation of previously settled areas. Our study focuses on the reconstruction of environmental conditions in the surroundings of the open-air Palaeolithic site, Brno-Štýřice III, which falls within this period. The research concentrated on the study of malacological, pollen and anthracological samples to reconstruct the climate shortly after the LGM. 14 C dating places the chronostratigraphic position of the site more precisely at the end of the LGM, more specifically into Last Glacial Termination (LGT); analysis of chipped stone industry identifies the occupation with the Epigravettian settlement. The site represents a significant example of the recurrent habitation of a microclimatically favourable microregion near a watercourse in order to utilise available sources of livelihood. The results of the pollen, anthracological and malacological analyses documented a more or less treeless character of surrounding landscape. The vegetation was mostly formed by a mixture of shrub tundra and grassy loess steppe vegetation. Open woodland with birch, willow and bird cherry occurred in relatively moist river banks and the lower slopes of hills with more favourable microclimatic conditions. Malacological collection highlights the presence of cool temperate species (Pupilla loessica, Vallonia excentrica and Helicopsis striata). In the surroundings of the studied site, the pollen analysis provided a reconstruction of parkland forest-steppe vegetation (with lack of temperate deciduous trees) typical for a cold and dry climate. Development of both dry and moist stands near the watercourse was recorded. Anthracological analysis is in support of similar outcomes, reconstructing the presence of open woodland with dominating birch and willow in the nearby surroundings.

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“…While some areas of Central Europe were largely abandoned by human groups during the LGM (c. 24,000 to 19,000 BP, Hughes et al 2015 ), human presence, associated with the Epigravettian, appears to have persisted in Moravia at least intermittently (Nerudová and Neruda 2015 ; Nerudová et al 2016 ). As such, the post-LGM expansion of the Magdalenian (c. 17,000 to 15,000 BP) may not have been into an unoccupied landscape, as it was in other regions (Nerudová 2010 ; Maier 2015 ; Nerudová and Neruda 2015 , Maier et al 2020 ). Magdalenian presence in Moravia has been broadly correlated with cold, periglacial climates associated with the Last Glacial Termination (GS-2.1a), although a mosaic of habitats existed in the region (Nerudová et al 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magdalenian and Epimagdalenian chronology and palaeoenvironments at Kůlna Cave, Moravia, Czech Republic

Reade

Grimm

Tripp

et al. 2020

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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Kůlna Cave is the only site in Moravia, Czech Republic, from which large assemblages of both Magdalenian and Epimagdalenian archaeological materials have been excavated from relatively secure stratified deposits. The site therefore offers the unrivalled opportunity to explore the relationship between these two archaeological phases. In this study, we undertake radiocarbon, stable isotope (carbon, nitrogen and sulphur), and ZooMS analysis of the archaeological faunal assemblage to explore the chronological and environmental context of the Magdalenian and Epimagdalenian deposits. Our results show that the Magdalenian and Epimagdalenian deposits can be understood as discrete units from one another, dating to the Late Glacial between c. 15,630 cal. BP and 14,610 cal. BP, and c. 14,140 cal. BP and 12,680 cal. BP, respectively. Stable isotope results (δ13C, δ15N, δ34S) indicate that Magdalenian and Epimagdalenian activity at Kůlna Cave occurred in very different environmental settings. Magdalenian occupation took place within a nutrient-poor landscape that was experiencing rapid changes to environmental moisture, potentially linked to permafrost thaw. In contrast, Epimagdalenian occupation occurred in a relatively stable, temperate environment composed of a mosaic of woodland and grassland habitats. The potential chronological gap between the two phases, and their associations with very different environmental conditions, calls into question whether the Epimagdalenian should be seen as a local, gradual development of the Magdalenian. It also raises the question of whether the gap in occupation at Kůlna Cave could represent a change in settlement dynamics and/or behavioural adaptations to changing environmental conditions.

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Moravia between Gravettian and Magdalenian

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Virtual reconstruction of the Upper Palaeolithic skull from Zlatý Kůň, Czech Republic: Sex assessment and morphological affinity

Virtual reconstruction of the Upper Palaeolithic skull from Zlatý Kůň, Czech Republic: Sex assessment and morphological affinity

New information augmenting the picture of local environment at the LGM/LGT in the context of the Middle Danube region

Magdalenian and Epimagdalenian chronology and palaeoenvironments at Kůlna Cave, Moravia, Czech Republic

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