“…13 As Habermas (1988) puts it, "In the proceduralist paradigm, the public sphere is not conceived simply as the back room of the parliamentary complex, but as the impulse-generating periphery that surrounds the political center: in cultivating normative reasons, it affects all parts of the political system without intending to conquer it" (p. 442). See also Rawls (1996), Michelman, (2001, and Urbinati, (2014). 14 That is, "the idea that political attachment ought to center on the norms, the values and, more indirectly, the procedures of a liberal democratic constitution," in preference to either ethno-nationalist or perfectionist forms of solidarity (Müller, 2007, p. 1).…”