Moral Judgment as a Predictor of Clinical Performance

Sheehan, T. Joseph; Husted, Susan D.R.; Candee, Daniel; Cook, Charles D.; Bargen, Mark

doi:10.1177/016327878000300404

Cited by 110 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…(5) Arrange shunt operation if hydrocephalus developed. (6) If the infant developed meningitis, would you treat him? (7) If the infant had a cardiac arrest, would you resuscitate him?…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moral Reasoning and Decisions in Dilemmas of Neonatal Care

et al. 1982

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SummaryThe relationship between levels of moral reasoning and decisions in dilemmas of neonatal care was investigated in a sample of 452 pediatricians. Subjects included residents, faculty members, and practitioners recruited from a variety of university-affiliated and community hospitals.It was hypothesized that physicians whose moral reasoning was more fully developed would less actively treat particular cases. Such cases might include those where a patient'sfamily requested such a limit (designated "negative family attitude") or the quality of life likely to be led after therapy was so low as to preclude even a minimal degree of human activity or social interaction (designated "unsalvageable prognosis").The hypothesis was tested through the use of two questionnaires. The first questionnaire, devised by Crane, assessed the physician's reported degree of activism in treating six cases of infants born with severe defects. The structure of moral reasoning was measured by a second questionnaire, Rest's Defining Issue Test. Subjects were scored by the degree to which they use universal, ethical principles in resolving a series of moral dilemmas.Results of the absolute level of activism (Table 1) showed that among both residents and postresidents, the degree to which cases are actively treated depends, for salvageable patients, on the type of damage and on the possibility for research. Results involving moral reasoning showed a different pattern among residents and postresidents. Among residents, a significant correlation exists between principled reasoning and the absence of active treatment (r = -0.41, Form A, r = -0.23, Form B). As predicted, such correlations were strongest for cases of negative family attitude or of unsalvageable prognosis. The pattern of correlations among postresidents showed either no relationship to moral reasoning or the reverse of the residency pattern (r = -0.08, Form A, r = 0.30, Form B).The influence of the type of institution a resident operates within was assessed by analysis of variance. Inasmuch as moral reasoning and institutional type both had significant main effects (Form A), their magnitude differed. Institutional type accounted for 43% of the variation in mean activism scores whereas moral reasoning accounted for only 4%; however, because one could, a priori, expect institutional norms and customs to be powerful determinants of behavior, any additional, identifiable influence deserves attention. The structure of individuals' moral reasoning seems to be such an influence.

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“…(5) Arrange shunt operation if hydrocephalus developed. (6) If the infant developed meningitis, would you treat him? (7) If the infant had a cardiac arrest, would you resuscitate him?…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moral Reasoning and Decisions in Dilemmas of Neonatal Care

et al. 1982

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“…In addition, as health professional students move from the lecture hall to their clerkships and then to their practice settings, the aptitude-achievement correlation drops further. [10][11][12][13][14][15] This can be explained by the fact that practicing pharmacists do not answer pages of multiplechoice questions when practicing.…”

Section: Literature Review Predictors Of Pharmacy Academic Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11][12][13][14][15] For example, this author has demonstrated a link between moral reasoning and clinical decisionmaking in pharmacists and has suggested it as one possible nontraditional criterion that schools of pharmacy might consider in admitting pharmacy students to their schools.…”

Section: Nontraditional Factors and Pharmacy Admissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the Structured Interview for a More Reliable Assessment of Pharmacy Student Applicants

Latif¹

2004

Am J Pharm Educ

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A greater focus on nontraditional factors such as compassion, altruism, respect, and integrity may enhance the likelihood of future pharmacists embracing pharmaceutical care and behaving in a professional manner in the workplace. A significant problem faced by pharmacy schools is how to objectively assess these characteristics. The present paper examines the use of the structured interview as one method of increasing the reliability and validity of assessing the nontraditional characteristics of pharmacy school applicants. Although cognitive factors such as grade point average and Pharmacy College Admissions Test scores are important, they only explain between 9% and 16% of the variance in pharmacy school achievement. Furthermore, beyond a certain threshold, mounting evidence suggests that nontraditional characteristics such as those found in emotional intelligence may contribute significantly to job performance. The present study discusses the need for pharmacy schools to increase the weight given to these factors and provides empirical evidence that the structured interview is a reliable and valid method of assessing nontraditional characteristics.

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“…1,2 Underpinned by Neo-Kohlbergian theory (NKT), research shows that higher DIT scores increase the probability that healthcare professionals will make decisions in the patient's 'best interests' and/ or 'report' medical errors. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Underpinning theory also proposes that identified deficits in MRCD might be addressed by engagement with educational interventions that have been designed with reference to NKT and are appropriate to the context of professional practice. 1,2,8 However, such educational interventions do not consistently promote measurable pre-post development on the DIT, in which case the strategy or approach to intervention design merits review.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%