Moral Identity Predicts Doping Likelihood via Moral Disengagement and Anticipated Guilt

Kavussanu, Maria; Ring, Christopher

doi:10.1123/jsep.2016-0333

Cited by 54 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Based on Bandura's (2002) theory, six mechanisms of moral disengagement have been identified in sport (see Boardley & Kavussanu, 2007, 2009. The findings support the positive relationship between moral disengagement and doping likelihood (Kavussanu & Ring, 2017), as well as justification of cheating (Sukys, 2013). Interestingly, displacement of personal responsibility has been found to be one of the most frequent mechanisms that felicitates bodybuilders' use of doping (Boardley, Grix, & Dewar, 2014).…”

supporting

confidence: 70%

Qualitative investigation of athletes’ perceptions of cheating in sport

Šukys¹,

Karanauskienė²,

Šmigelskaitė³

2019

BJSHS

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Background. The aim of the present study was to give voice to elite athletes exploring their perceptions of cheating in sport.Methods. Utilizing a purposeful sampling technique, 11 athletes were interviewed – one woman and 10 men from football (F, n = 6), rugby league (R, n = 2), and three from athletics (A). Athletes’ perceptions related to cheating in sport were explored by individual semi-structured interviews. Interpretive thematic data analysis was conducted in several stages, beginning with the exploration of the recorded materials. Credibility of the results was established by member checking. For data transferability and repeatability, we described the process of data collection, processing and analysis in detail.Results. Analysis of interview data allows to distinguish the following broad themes: the perceived forms of cheating in sport, causes of cheating, initiators of cheating, and ath-letes’ views on the evaluation of cheating, and as a separate theme – athletes’ insights on cheating in children’s sport.Conclusions. The findings offer insights of adult athletes on cheating in sport. Athletes are aware of the prevalence of cheating in all sports, emphasizing that it is an illegal phenomenon and associate it with the potential financial benefits, corruption, match fixing, and the use of doing. The study highlights financial insecurity of athletes as a reason for cheating. When evaluating cheating, athletes are not categorical or tend to cheat themselves, but they would justify it more if it helped a team. As to cheating in children’s sport, adult athletes noted the role of a coach and especially the parents in cheating in order to gain an advantage for their child. Also, the focus on the protective factor of children against cheating was emphasized. Keywords: cheating, athletes’ perceptions, adult sport, children sport.

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supporting

confidence: 70%

Qualitative investigation of athletes’ perceptions of cheating in sport

Šukys¹,

Karanauskienė²,

Šmigelskaitė³

2019

BJSHS

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“…Therefore, to effectively prevent PES use in gym/fitness contexts, theories of health behavior need to be considered; these theories provide a framework for identifying the determinants of behavior (Lucidi et al, 2004) and are typically rooted on social-cognitive and motivational models from social psychology (Chan et al, 2015). Specifically, integrative models that derive from general models of behavioral prediction, such as the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB; Lazuras, 2016), Sports Drug Control Model, Life Cycle Model, Trans-contextual Model, or the Theory of Triadic Influence (Lazuras, 2016;Kavussanu and Ring, 2017), have been applied to the study of doping in sport. All of these models emphasize the role of decision making, arguing that doping use is goal-directed, intentional, and selfregulated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of the Intention to Use Performance-Enhancing Substances Among Portuguese Gym Users

et al. 2020

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The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of the intentions to use prohibited performance-enhancing substances (PES) and to test the Theory of Planned Behavior's usefulness in predicting self-reported PES use in both genders. A convenience sample of Portuguese gym users (n = 453) completed an anonymous web-based survey. Structural equation modeling, multigroup analysis, and t-test with the Welch correction for heterokedastic variances were used. At the structural level, results support attitudes, beliefs, and subjective norms in predicting intentions to PES use in gym users, with subjective norms being its strongest predictor. Moreover, results showed a significant association between self-reported PES use and intentions to use. The predictive model was invariant across genders; however, compared to males, females believed less in the performance-enhancing effects of PES, were less prone to the influence of significant others, and had weaker intentions to use these substances. Psychological strategies should be based on subjective norms, alongside beliefs and attitudes, toward PES use as these variables influence the intention to use PES in this particular population.

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“…14 At the moment, there are limited measures that have undergone rigorous psychometric testing that may be suitable to assess for convergent validity, though researchers could consider using measures applied to assess doping likelihood in previous research as an initial step to test this. 6,9 It should be acknowledged that we did not include testing for aspects of validity with other scales measuring factors within the prototype willingness model 10 or theory of planned behavior 11,12 which could have provided further evidence for construct validity. This was mainly due to the lack of validated measures for subjective norms, doping intention, and behavior which have undergone rigorous psychometric development.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Therefore, researchers have employed indirect or proxy measures of banned substance use such as the likelihood, susceptibility, and willingness to use banned substance via scenarios. [5][6][7][8] This is because participants may be more open to report their potential temptation to use banned substances and methods in such situations without directly disclosing their actual engagement. 4,9 Although such approaches have provided valuable insight into understanding banned substance use in sport, most measures employed in the literature have not undergone extensive psychometric testing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the validity and reliability of the doping willingness in sport scale

Stanger

Whitaker²,

Backhouse

2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Although research investigating doping in sport is burgeoning, there is still a lack of proxy measures of doping behavior that have undergone extensive psychometric testing. To address this issue, we modified a previously used measure of doping willingness in sport and tested aspects of validity and reliability across four studies. In Study 1, we provided support for the face and content validity of the items, and then found support for the factor structure of the scale in a sample of athletes (N = 205) using confirmatory factor analysis. In Study 2, we collected data from an independent sample of athletes (N = 236) to provide further evidence for the factor structure of the scale using confirmatory factor analysis as well as provided evidence for concurrent and discriminant validity. In Study 3, a further independent sample of athletes (N = 144) completed the scale and provided support for discriminant and predictive validity of the scale. In Study 4, we collected data from a further independent sample (N = 74) to provide support for the test‐retest reliability, and stability of items. Lastly, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the samples across Studies 3 and 4, and the composite sample across all four studies which provided further support for the factor structure of the final 8‐item scale. Taken together, these findings provide psychometric support for the scale to be used to measure the willingness of athletes to use banned substances to help facilitate future research investigating doping in sport.

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Moral Identity Predicts Doping Likelihood via Moral Disengagement and Anticipated Guilt

Cited by 54 publications

References 36 publications

Qualitative investigation of athletes’ perceptions of cheating in sport

Qualitative investigation of athletes’ perceptions of cheating in sport

Determinants of the Intention to Use Performance-Enhancing Substances Among Portuguese Gym Users

Testing the validity and reliability of the doping willingness in sport scale

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