MoP₂/C@rGO synthesised by phosphating the molybdenum-based metal organic framework and GO coating with excellent lithium ion storage performance

Abstract

With a high specific capacity, MoP2 has been identified as an ideal electrode material for LIBs. However, the specific capacity is negatively affected due to poor conductivity and severe volume...

Chromium tetraphosphide (CrP4) as a high-performance anode for Li ion and Na ion batteries

“…5d). 28,[44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] Specically, the high rate capability of the CrP 4 /C (15 wt% C) electrode was much better than that of the MnP 4 / graphene (20 wt% C) electrode although a less amount of carbon was used, which can be attributed to the higher intrinsic electrical conductivity of monoclinic CrP 4 compared to that of triclinic 6-MnP 4 . 28,32 The slightly higher electrical conductivity of Cr metal than that of Mn metal might also contribute to the superior rate capability.…”

Nest-Like Molybdenum Diphosphide-Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite for Lithium-Ion Storage

“…To satisfy the ever-growing demand for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), new-generation anode materials with high capacity and long-term stability have been extensively explored. − In recent years, phosphorus-based materials, including metal phosphides (MPs) and elemental phosphorus with high theoretical specific capacity (500–1900 mA h g –1 for MPs and 2596 mA h g –1 for phosphorus) have been widely concerned. − ,− The highly delocalized electron and mixed anionic metal band in MPs induce a low oxidation state of metal and strong metal–phosphorus (M–P) covalent bonds. − MPs have better electrical conductivity (10 –12 –10 2 S m –1 for phosphorus and 10 –3 ∼ 10 6 S m –1 for MPs) and higher structural stability than elemental phosphorus, so the MP-based materials are promising anode materials for LIBs. ,,− Moreover, the formation of metallic nanocrystals within phosphorus matrices during charging/discharging cycles also provides additional electron transport pathways, which are required for high-rate anode. ,, Molybdenum phosphides (i.e., monophosphorus phase MoP and phosphorus-rich phase MoP 2 ) as low-cost catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction and anode materials have been extensively explored. ,,− Molybdenum is an important element with a redox chemistry and better conductivity. The lithium-ion storage capacity of metal phosphides is proportional to the phosphorus content; ,,− thus, MoP 2 is a more attractive material for LIBs .…”

“…The lithium-ion storage capacity of metal phosphides is proportional to the phosphorus content; ,,− thus, MoP 2 is a more attractive material for LIBs . Although the potential of metal phosphides as efficient anodes in LIBs has been demonstrated, ,,,, the lithium-ion storage performance of more efficient MoP 2 was seldom systematically investigated.…”

“…Similar to elemental phosphorus and most metal phosphide anode materials, MoP 2 also suffers from serious capacity degradation during cycling because of low electronic conductivity, poor diffusion kinetics, and significant volume change in lithiation/delithiation process. ,,,, In addition, phosphorus-rich MPs are generally prepared under strict conditions. − For phosphorus-rich MPs, the increase in phosphorus content causes the aggregation of phosphorus atoms, which further results in poor electrical conductivity and low thermal stability . Therefore, the MP products often contain phosphorus-lean impurities. ,,, Reducing particle size and constructing a carbon conductive matrix are two important routes to overcome these disadvantages and promote the application of MoP 2 as the anode for LIBs. ,, Downsizing particles to the nanoscale can alleviate volume expansion, enhance electrode–electrolyte infiltration, and decrease ion diffusion distance. ,,, However, long-term stability cannot be realized by simply controlling particle size due to the aggregation of nanoparticles. The carbon matrix can prevent nanoparticle aggregation, enhance electrical conductivity, reduce the electron transport path, and improve the lithium-ion storage performance.…”

“…Therefore, MoP 2 nanoparticles and conductive carbon matrix may be used to prepare a high-performance LIB anode. For instance, Du et al phosphated a molybdenum-based metal organic framework, coated it with reduced graphite oxide to obtain MoP 2 /C@rGO as a LIB anode, and finally realized a capacity of 640 mA h g –1 at 0.1 A g –1 even after 100 cycles . CoMoP 2 /MoP coated with N,P-codoped carbon nanosheet (CoMoP 2 –MoP@NPC) composite was synthesized as an anode for LIBs through solution evaporation and calcination treatment with different dosages of urea …”