“…The persistent toxicity, carcinogenicity, and widespread distribution of NB in wastewater had led to serious environmental problems. − Therefore, it was crucial to effectively treat wastewater containing NB . It was generally recognized that the strong electron-absorbing nitro group of NB led to the poor efficiency of direct oxidative biological degradation. , However, the reduction products of NB were easily mineralized through oxidation processes. , In most biological degradation strategies, the reduction of NB was a crucial step in pollutant treatment process because its reduction products were more easily degraded by oxidation. , However, the catalytic efficiency of traditional biological methods for NB reduction was limited by the strong biological toxicity of NB and its reduction intermediates. , …”