Moose winter browsing affects the breeding success of great tits

Pedersen, Simen; Nilsen, Erlend B.; Andreassen, Harry P.

doi:10.2980/1195-6860(2007)14[499:mwbatb]2.0.co;2

Cited by 17 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Browsing pressure on birch is intense up to 500 m and decreases gradually with distance from feeding station but at a larger scale than dung density. Pine browsing pressure is high up to 1 km from feeding stations, whilst spruce browsing occurs almost only up to ~50 m from feeding stations (Gundersen et al 2004;Pedersen et al 2007;van Beest et al 2010).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sample size varied among years because boxes were added in 2006 and 2007 to increase sample size, and removed in 2008 from feeding stations that were no longer in use (number of nest boxes pr year: 2004-2005: 38, 2006: 83, 2007: 130, and 2008: 65). The study design from 2004-2005 was earlier described in Pedersen et al (2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We estimated moose browsing as number of shoots browsed as a proportion of number of shoots available within browsing height (0.5 -3 m). In 2004 the proportion of birch, pine and spruce shoots browsed was grouped into four classes quantified on a subjective observational scale: 1) No browsing, 2) Less than 1/3 of the shoots browsed, 3) Between 1/3 and 2/3 of the shoots browsed, and 4) More than 2/3 of the shoots browsed (see Pedersen et al (2007)), while in 2006 and 2007 moose browsing pressure was estimated as % shoots browsed in the same plots. In order to compare data across all years, we converted the browsing classes from 2004 into % twigs browsed, and used the mean for each class (Solbraa 2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies are in general based on presence or absence of birds in a certain area, and give little insight into the mechanisms that link cervid browsing with bird abundance. However, Bailey and Whitham (2003) showed experimentally that elk (Cervus elaphus) browsing affects the distribution of arthropods and foraging patterns in insectivorous birds, and other studies suggest a link between herbivory, arthropod abundance and bird reproduction (Baines 1996;Evans et al 2005;Pedersen et al 2007). Cervid browsing may potentially affect birds in many ways, by changing vegetation structure, tree species composition, food availability, predation pressure and nest losses through trampling (Fuller 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We therefore hypothesize that high moose browsing intensity will have negative effects on bird reproduction due to reduced arthropod food availability. A previous study has shown negative effects of high moose activity on great tit reproduction in the same area (Pedersen et al 2007). The present study extends the previous study by investigating further the mechanisms of how moose browsing affects passerine birds, including habitat selection, feeding activity, diet composition and the response of another insectivorous passerine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contrasting responses of two passerine bird species to moose browsing

Mathisen¹,

Pedersen

Nilsen

et al. 2011

Eur J Wildl Res

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Contrasting responses of two passerine bird species to moose browsing

Mathisen¹,

Pedersen

Nilsen

et al. 2011

Eur J Wildl Res

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Disrupted trophic interactions affect recruitment of boreal deciduous and coniferous trees in northern Europe

Angelstam

Manton

Pedersen

et al. 2017

Ecological Applications

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Abstract. Loss of large carnivore populations may lead to increased population densities of large herbivores, and subsequent cascading effects on the composition, structure, and function of ecosystems. Using a macroecological approach based on studies in multiple boreal forest landscapes in the Baltic Sea region and Russia, we tested the hypothesis that disrupted trophic interactions among large carnivores and large herbivores affect the recruitment of both ecologically and economically valuable tree species. We measured damage levels on young trees and large herbivore density in 10 local landscapes representing a gradient from extinct to extant populations of both large carnivores and large herbivores. We also tested the alternative hypothesis that forest management intensity is correlated to reduced recruitment of these tree species. At the macroecological scale there was an inverse relationship between the number of large carnivores and large herbivores. This coincided with a steep gradient in browsing damage on the ecologically important aspen, rowan and sallow as hosts for specialized species, as well as the economically important Scots pine. In one landscape hunting had replaced the presence of carnivores. Mean damage levels of these four tree species were correlated with large herbivore abundance, but not with forest management intensity. We discuss the pros and cons of this macroecological approach, as well as the challenge of governing and managing trophic interactions at multiple scales.

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To feed or not to feed? Evidence of the intended and unintended effects of feeding wild ungulates

Milner

Beest

Schmidt³

et al. 2014

Jour. Wild. Mgmt.

136

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Storaas, T. (2014). To feed or not to feed? Evidence of the intended and unintended effects of feeding wild ungulates.Journal of Wildlife Management, 78(8) Large ungulates are keystone species in many ecosystems and are a highly valued natural 47 resource for social, cultural, and economic reasons (Gordon et al. 2004). Many populations have grown over recent decades, causing environmental and socio-economic 49 impacts on wider communities and conservation concerns, as well as density-dependent 50 changes in performance (Côté et al. 2004, Putman et al. 2011. Consequently, conflicts 51 arise between stakeholders who benefit economically from high ungulate numbers (e.g., 52hunters, outfitters, tourism operators) and those faced with the costs of their presence 53(e.g., land managers, conservationists, transport users and operators; Austin et al. 2010). 54Manipulating forage availability through the provision of additional food could 60Wildlife can be fed by humans in many different ways, intentionally (e.g., at 61 feeding stations) and unintentionally (e.g., unprotected agricultural crops and rubbish 62 dumps; Oro et al. 2013, Sorensen et al. 2014. In this review, we focus on the effects of 63 intentional feeding of ungulates, specifically considering supplementary feeding (often 64 called winter feeding) and diversionary, or intercept, feeding used to attract animals away 65 from vulnerable vegetation, livestock, or major traffic arteries (defined fully in 66 Supplemental Material). However, many of the issues raised also apply across a broad 67 range of unintentional but predictable anthropogenic food subsidies (Oro et al. 2013). 68Earlier reviews of the consequences of feeding large herbivores, published a decade or 77 METHODS 78We reviewed articles in the peer-reviewed and, to a lesser extent, grey literature that our search terms resulted in 232 articles. 86We identified 5 major management goals of supplementary and diversionary 87 feeding and considered the intended effects of feeding that would allow these goals to be 88 achieved (Table 1). We also identified commonly perceived unintended or secondary 89 consequences of feeding ( Table S1). 152Among adult females, an effect of feeding is complicated by the strong impact of 153 reproductive status on autumn mass (Cook et al. 2013 and higher neonatal growth rates (Jacobsen et al. 1981, Smith et al. 1997). 160The reproductive rate (number of offspring per adult female in summer or 161 autumn) of supplementally fed herbivores increased in 5/7 studies ( were used (Gundersen et al. 2004, Sahlsten et al. 2010 feeding site users and non-users (van Beest et al. 2010b). 282Of 16 controlled studies, 6 showed diversionary feeding to be effective in 283 reducing damage in the targeted areas, whereas 4 showed a significantly increased 284 impact, opposing the management goal ( we found no studies that formally addressed this ( 379In studies addressing the increased probability of browsing or grazing impacts in 380 response to feeding (4/4 studies; Table 2 and Supplem...

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Moose winter browsing affects the breeding success of great tits

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Contrasting responses of two passerine bird species to moose browsing

Contrasting responses of two passerine bird species to moose browsing

Disrupted trophic interactions affect recruitment of boreal deciduous and coniferous trees in northern Europe

To feed or not to feed? Evidence of the intended and unintended effects of feeding wild ungulates

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