MoonProt 3.0: an update of the moonlighting proteins database

Abstract

MoonProt 3.0 (http://moonlightingproteins.org) is an updated open-access database storing expert-curated annotations for moonlighting proteins. Moonlighting proteins have two or more physiologically relevant distinct biochemical or biophysical functions performed by a single polypeptide chain. Here, we describe an expansion in the database since our previous report in the Database Issue of Nucleic Acids Research in 2018. For this release, the number of proteins annotated has been expanded to over 500 proteins and dozens of protein annotations have been updated with additional information, including more structures in the Protein Data Bank, compared with version 2.0. The new entries include more examples from humans, plants and archaea, more proteins involved in disease and proteins with different combinations of functions. More kinds of information about the proteins and the species in which they have multiple functions has been added, including CATH and SCOP classification of structure, known and predicted disorder, predicted transmembrane helices, type of organism, relationship of the protein to disease, and relationship of organism to cause of disease.

Surface-Shaving Proteomics of Mycobacterium marinum Identifies Biofilm Subtype-Specific Changes Affecting Virulence, Tolerance, and Persistence

“…In contrast, 2-fold more cytoplasmic proteins predicted to be exported out of the cells via a nonclassical route (SecretomeP) were identified from the biofilm ECMs ( n , 300) in comparison to that from the PL cells ( n , 150). For many of these proteins, a secondary function as a moonlighting protein ( 30 ) was indicated ( Table S1 ). In addition, more than 900, 1,600, and 1,800 cytoplasmic proteins identified in the PL, PBF, and SBF cells, respectively, contained no motifs for classical or nonclassical secretion and were assigned here as “others” ( Table S1 ).…”

Surface-Shaving Proteomics ofMycobacterium marinumIdentifies Biofilm Subtype-Specific Changes Affecting Virulence, Tolerance and Persistence

“…In contrast, two-fold more cytoplasmic proteins predicted to be exported out of the cells via a non-classical route (SecretomeP) were identified from the biofilm-ECMs ( n , 300) in comparison to the PL cells ( n , 150). For many of these proteins, a secondary function as a moonlighting protein (30) could be indicated (Table S1) . In addition, over 900, 1600 and 1800 cytoplasmic proteins identified on the PL, PBF, and SBF cells, respectively, contained no motifs for classical or non-classical secretion and were assigned here as “Others” (Table S1) .…”

“…We also suggest that cells in PBFs use different TCA cycle enzymes, such as aconitase (ACN), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), enolase (ENO), and/or fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA), to maintain long-term survival. In other gram-positive bacteria these enzymes belong to known moonlighting proteins with established secondary roles outside of the bacterial cell (e.g., adhesion)(30). In mycobacteria, these enzymes have been reported to contribute to increased viability or persistence (61-63).…”

Updating MoonProt From Home: An Online Student Research Project During the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…The project was organized around the topic of protein structure and function using my lab's work on moonlighting proteins and the MoonProt database we constructed (http://moonlightingproteins.org) (1). The MoonProt database is an online open-access database storing expert-curated annotations for moonlighting proteins.…”