Mood is indirectly related to serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine levels in humans: a meta-analysis of monoamine depletion studies

Ruhé, Henricus G.; Mason, N. Scott; Schene, Aart H.

doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001949

Cited by 709 publications

(451 citation statements)

References 133 publications

(178 reference statements)

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“…Initial models -based on serendipitous effects on mood of drugs that modulated neurotransmitters -focused on disturbances in the synaptic neurotransmission of monoamines as serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline (Hirschfeld 2000;Ruhe et al 2007). While these monoamine hypotheses certainly have advanced the field of biological psychiatry, it is increasingly being recognized that they only tell a small part of the complex story of psychiatric disorder pathophysiology (Su 2008;Gardner and Boles 2011).…”

Section: Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

Focus on fatty acids in the neurometabolic pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders

Mocking

Assies

Ruhé

et al. 2018

J of Inher Metab Disea

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Continuous research into the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and schizophrenia, suggests an important role for metabolism. This narrative review will provide an upto-date summary of how metabolism is thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of these psychiatric disorders. We will focus on (I) the important role of fatty acids in these metabolic alterations, (II) whether fatty acid alterations represent epiphenomena or risk factors, and (III) similarities and dissociations in fatty acid alterations between different psychiatric disorders. (Historical) epidemiological evidence links fatty acid intake to psychiatric disorder prevalence, corroborated by altered fatty acid concentrations measured in psychiatric patients. These fatty acid alterations are connected with other concomitant pathophysiological mechanisms, including biological stress (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis and oxidative stress), inflammation, and brain network structure and function. Metabolomics and lipidomics studies are underway to more deeply investigate this complex network of associated neurometabolic alterations. Supplementation of fatty acids as disease-modifying nutraceuticals has clinical potential, particularly add-on eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in depressed patients with markers of increased inflammation. However, by interpreting the observed fatty acid alterations as partly (mal)adaptive phenomena, we attempt to nuance translational expectations and provide new clinical applications for these novel neurometabolic insights, e.g., to predict treatment response or depression recurrence. In conclusion, placing fatty acids in context can contribute to further understanding and optimized treatment of psychiatric disorders, in order to diminish their overwhelming burden of disease.

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Section: Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

Focus on fatty acids in the neurometabolic pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders

Mocking

Assies

Ruhé

et al. 2018

J of Inher Metab Disea

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“…One of the most striking 5-HT-linked abnormalities in unmedicated recovered depressed patients is the liability to re-experience depressive symptomatology when undergoing acute tryptophan depletion (ATD), a dietary manipulation that decreases brain 5-HT function by limiting the availability of tryptophan for brain 5-HT synthesis (Smith et al 1997 ;Ruhé et al 2007). This effect is not seen in people who have no history of depression and no personal risk factors (Ruhé et al 2007).…”

Section: Monoamine Neurotransmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘It's not over when it's over’: persistent neurobiological abnormalities in recovered depressed patients

2007

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The tendency of major depression to recur is a leading problem in clinical management and is responsible for much of the illness burden. Until recently, biological studies of depression have focused on the mechanisms involved in acute illness but there are now many data to suggest that neurobiological abnormalities persist when depressed patients are clinically recovered and withdrawn from medication. These abnormalities encompass a number of neurochemical and neuropsychological mechanisms that could be relevant to recurrence, including changes in the availability of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptor subtypes, decreases in cortical c-aminobutyric acid (GABA), increases in cortisol secretion and negative biases in the processing of emotional information. Studies of groups at high risk of depression before illness onset will help to clarify which biological abnormalities precede the development of depression and which are the product of recurrent illness. Ultimately this work should lead to a better understanding of the neurobiology of vulnerability to depression and more innovative approaches to primary and secondary prevention.

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“…the pathogenesis of MDD remains unclear [2,3]. Therefore, differences in SERT availability between patients and healthy subjects have been studied previously.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonin transporter binding with [123I]β-CIT SPECT in major depressive disorder versus controls: effect of season and gender

Ruhé

Booij

Reitsma

et al. 2009

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging

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Purpose The serotonin system is undoubtedly involved in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). More specifically the serotonin transporter (SERT) serves as a major target for antidepressant drugs. There are conflicting results about SERT availability in depressed patients versus healthy controls. We aimed to measure SERT availability and study the effects of age, gender and season of scanning in MDD patients in comparison to healthy controls. Methods We included 49 depressed outpatients (mean±SD 42.3±8.3 years) with a Hamilton depression rating scale score above 18, who were drug-naive or drug-free for ≥4 weeks, and 49 healthy controls matched for age (±2 years) and sex. Subjects were scanned with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using [ 123 I]β-CIT. SERT availability was expressed as specific to nonspecific binding ratios (BP ND ) in the midbrain and diencephalon with cerebellar binding as a reference. Results In crude comparisons between patients and controls, we found no significant differences in midbrain or diencephalon SERT availability. In subgroup analyses, depressed males had numerically lower midbrain SERT availability than controls, whereas among women SERT availability was not different (significant diagnosis×gender interaction; p=0.048). In the diencephalon we found a comparable diagnosis×gender interaction (p=0.002) and an additional smoking×gender (p=0.036) interaction. In the midbrain the season of scanning showed a significant main effect (p=0.018) with higher SERT availability in winter. Conclusion Differences in SERT availability in the midbrain and diencephalon in MDD patients compared with healthy subjects are affected by gender. The season of scanning is a covariate in the midbrain. The diagnosis×gender and gender×smoking interactions in SERT availability should be considered in future studies of the pathogenesis of MDD.

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Mood is indirectly related to serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine levels in humans: a meta-analysis of monoamine depletion studies

Cited by 709 publications

References 133 publications

Focus on fatty acids in the neurometabolic pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders

Focus on fatty acids in the neurometabolic pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders

‘It's not over when it's over’: persistent neurobiological abnormalities in recovered depressed patients

Serotonin transporter binding with [123I]β-CIT SPECT in major depressive disorder versus controls: effect of season and gender

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