Mood, hormone levels, metabolic and sleep across the menopausal transition in VCD-induced ICR mice

Yu, Shuang; Zhang, Lixin; Wang, Yanyan; Yan, Jiahui; Wang, Qi; Bian, Hongsheng; Huang, Lili

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114178

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Alterations in sleep were also observed in VCD-treated females, showing a reduction in REM sleep during the inactive and active periods. In these females, a remarkable reduction in the percentage of time spent in proestrus manifested mainly at 52 days post-VCD treatment, together with a decrease in ovarian and uterine indices ( 110 ). Similar to mice, a transversal study in rats treated with VCD showed that females exhibited a lower number of entries into the open arms of the elevated plus maze relative to controls, and increased time in the corner of an open field test, expressed in a consistent manner, and increased anxiety-like behavior in different tests ( 112 , 114 ).…”

Section: Animal Models For the Study Of Hrt And Depressionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The most common treatment for ovarian failure in mice and rats is the intraperitoneal administration of VCD at doses ranging from to 80-160 mg/kg, over at least 15 days ( 107 , 108 ). Depending on the dose and duration of VCD treatment, lengthening of the estrous cycle may be observed, accompanied by fluctuating levels of E 2 , which, after a certain time, tend to decrease, while the levels of LH/FSH increase ( 109 , 110 ). Interestingly, ovarian failure is elicited before an increase in gonadotropins can detected, confirming that the primary target of VCD is the ovaries ( 104 , 108 ).…”

Section: Animal Models For the Study Of Hrt And Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The intersection between menopause and depression: overview of research using animal models

Herrera-Pérez,

Hernández-Hernández,

Flores-Ramos

et al. 2024

Front. Psychiatry

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Menopausal women may experience symptoms of depression, sometimes even progressing clinical depression requiring treatment to improve quality of life. While varying levels of estrogen in perimenopause may contribute to an increased biological vulnerability to mood disturbances, the effectiveness of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in the relief of depressive symptoms remains controversial. Menopausal depression has a complex, multifactorial etiology, that has limited the identification of optimal treatment strategies for the management of this psychiatric complaint. Nevertheless, clinical evidence increasingly supports the notion that estrogen exerts neuroprotective effects on brain structures related to mood regulation. Indeed, research using preclinical animal models continues to improve our understanding of menopause and the effectiveness of ERT and other substances at treating depression-like behaviors. However, questions regarding the efficacy of ERT in perimenopause have been raised. These questions may be answered by further investigation using specific animal models of reduced ovarian function. This review compares and discusses the advantages and pitfalls of different models emulating the menopausal stages and their relationship with the onset of depressive-like signs, as well as the efficacy and mechanisms of conventional and novel ERTs in treating depressive-like behavior. Ovariectomized young rats, middle-to-old aged intact rats, and females treated with reprotoxics have all been used as models of menopause, with stages ranging from surgical menopause to perimenopause. Additionally, this manuscript discusses the impact of organistic and therapeutic variables that may improve or reduce the antidepressant response of females to ERT. Findings from these models have revealed the complexity of the dynamic changes occurring in brain function during menopausal transition, reinforcing the idea that the best approach is timely intervention considering the opportunity window, in addition to the careful selection of treatment according to the presence or absence of reproductive tissue. Additionally, data from animal models has yielded evidence to support new promising estrogens that could be considered as ERTs with antidepressant properties and actions in endocrine situations in which traditional ERTs are not effective.

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Section: Animal Models For the Study Of Hrt And Depressionmentioning

confidence: 98%