Mood Disturbance in ADHD Due to a General Medical Condition

Ryder, John G.; Silva, Jacquelyn M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64251-2_3

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 83 publications

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“…Currently, the nootropic agents are used to treat the VaD [12]. Thus, the prescription of nootropic agents such as central nervous system (CNS) stimulants (amphetamine, methylphenidate, caffeine and nicotine) [12]; Racetams [positive allosteric modulators of AMPA receptors and cholinergic systems such as piracetam, oxiracetam and aniracetam) [13,14]; and miscellaneous such as L-theanine, tolcapone, levodopa, atomoxetine, Panax ginseng, Ginkgo biloba, Salvia officinalis [15], omega-3 fatty acids, folate, vitamin B 6 , B 12 , and E [16,17]; pramipexole, guanfacine clonidine, and fexofenadine are documented to produce the ameliorative effect in neurocognitive disorders like vascular dementia [18,19]. However, it produces the potential adverse effects and chronic usage it shown less efficacy [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advance of Enzyme Targets for the Management of Vascular Dementia

Muthuraman¹,

Rishitha²,

Islam³

2019

Advances in Dementia Research

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The basic understanding of vascular dementia (VaD) and their molecular mechanisms are a too complex phenomenon. VaD associated neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment are due to multiple complications of the neurovascular system. The progress of VaD is due to the central and/or peripheral pathophysiological process of the neurovascular system. There are limited nootropic agents are employed for the treatment of VaD. Moreover, the explored nootropic agents act on multiple targets such as receptors, enzymes, ion channel, free radicals, cytokines, chemokines, and apoptotic proteins. However, the enzyme targets, especially acetylcholinesterase inhibitors played a crucial role in the management of cognitive disorders. The pathogenesis of VaD is involved in the vascular complication and neurodegenerative process. Hence, the enzymatic regulation of neurovascular complication is expected to prevent the VaD. The present chapter attempts to explore the recent advancement of enzyme targets for the management of VaD.

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