Mood Disorders in Levothyroxine-Treated Hypothyroid Women

Romero-Gómez, Benjamín; Guerrero-Alonso, Paula; Carmona‐Torres, Juan Manuel; Notario‐Pacheco, Blanca; Cobo-Cuenca, Ana Isabel

doi:10.3390/ijerph16234776

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Hypothyroidism is a disease with an insidious course, characterized by very subtle initial symptoms that hinder the diagnosis. It may cause very different disorders: tiredness, impaired cognition, anxiety disorders, depressive symptoms, decreased information processing speed, reduced efficiency of executive functions, poor learning, dry and coarse skin, muscle weakness, sexual dysfunction, constipation, and weight gain [6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health-Related Quality of Life in Levothyroxine-Treated Hypothyroid Women and Women without Hypothyroidism: A Case–Control Study

Romero-Gómez

Guerrero-Alonso

Carmona‐Torres

et al. 2020

JCM

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The use of levothyroxine is not always related to the elimination of the symptoms of hypothyroidism. The aim of this study is to compare the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of a group of hypothyroid women under levothyroxine treatment with that of a group of non-hypothyroid women. Methodology: A case–control study was performed. We used convenience sampling. The case group consisted of 152 levothyroxine-treated hypothyroid women; the control group consisted of 238 women without hypothyroidism disorders. All of the participants were euthyroid according to the clinical practice guidelines. We used as instruments the Short Form-12 questionnaire (SF-12v1) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Results: Hypothyroid women scored significantly lower in HRQOL in SF-12v1 mental and physical components than the control group (mental component summary: 41.23 ± 12.12 vs. 46.45 ± 10.22, p < 0.001; physical component summary: 49.64 ± 10.16 vs. 54.75 ± 5.76, p < 0.001). body mass index (BMI) and age showed an influence on the physical component (p < 0.001 in both variables). Adjusted for age and BMI, hypothyroidism was still related to worse scores (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Despite being euthyroid, women with hypothyroidism showed a poorer quality of life than women without hypothyroidism. Health professionals need to assess the HRQOL of women with hypothyroidism. Further research on HRQOL and hypothyroidism is needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health-Related Quality of Life in Levothyroxine-Treated Hypothyroid Women and Women without Hypothyroidism: A Case–Control Study

Romero-Gómez

Guerrero-Alonso

Carmona‐Torres

et al. 2020

JCM

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“…Moreover, overt hypothyroidism was also associated with depression, irritability, and anxiety, which all undoubtedly contributed to SD in both men and women. 14 , 26 , 40 , 41 Romero et al 42 reported that the prevalence of anxiety in hypothyroid patients was 63–65%, and a higher incidence of thyroid dysfunction has been found in patients with depressive disorders. Krysiak et al 24 demonstrated that the presence of hypothyroidism was significantly associated with depression in males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There an Association Between Hypothyroidism and Sexual Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Cumulative Analysis

Shen

Wu³

et al. 2021

Sexual Medicine

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Introduction: Many investigators have found a detrimental effect on sexual functioning developed by hypothyroidism in both sexes, but a cumulative analysis has not been conducted. Aim: This study aims to summarize and quantify the association between overt or subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of sexual dysfunction (SD) through a meta-analysis. Methods: 4 electronic databases were systematically searched. The quality of evidence was rated by the GRADE approach. This meta-analysis was registered on the PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020186967). Main Outcome Measure: The strength of the relationship between overt/subclinical hypothyroidism and SD was quantified by presenting the relative risk (RR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: 7 studies involving 460 patients with hypothyroidism and 2,143 healthy controls were included in this meta-analysis. Among the 7 included studies, 2 studies were provided the data of both overt and subclinical hypothyroidism. Pooled results from 4 included studies investigating overt hypothyroidism indicated that overt hypothyroidism led to significant SD in both sexes (RR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.42 to 3.62, P = 0.001), while synthetic RR of 5 eligible studies reporting subclinical hypothyroidism failed to find a positive association between subclinical hypothyroidism and SD (RR = 1.3, 95% CI: 0.85 to 1.99, P = 0.229), irrespective of gender (all P > 0.05). Subgroup analyses revealed that women with overt hypothyroidism rather than men with overt hypothyroidism were correlated with a significant higher risk of SD. The quality of evidence in the study of overt hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism was considered low and moderate, respectively. Conclusion: SD is a devastating problem in female patients with clinical hypothyroidism but insusceptible in either women or men with subclinical hypothyroidism. Clinicians should be aware of these phenomena and manage the sufferers accordingly in clinical practice. More rigorous studies are still needed to validate this evidence.

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“…Hypothyroidism manifests itself in a variety of ways (obesity, arrhythmias, mood swings etc.). The study's goals were to [1] determine the occurrence of apprehension and misery in hypothyroid women cured with levothyroxine versus women without hypothyroidism, and [2] identify characteristics linked to anxiety and depression. Techniques: With 393 women, a case-control study was conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…153 hypothyroid ladies cured with levothyroxine were included in above survey. 240 women without hypothyroidism served as the control group [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Hypothyroidism on Women

Shinde

Paunikar

2021

JPRI

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Background: To determine the impact of treating clinical hypothyroidism during gestation on maternal depressive symptoms. Methods: Females with singleton pregnancies identified clinical hypothyroidism were randomised to prenatal thyroxine medication or sample in an auxiliary study to a multicenter trial. At the end of the pregnancy, the treatment was stopped. Females with overt thyroid disorder, diabetes, autoimmune disorder, or depression were excluded from the study. Before taking the survey medicine (between 3-4 months of pregnancy), between 32 and 38 weeks of pregnancy, and at one year post-delivery, contestants were examined for forbidding symptoms with the help of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Anxiety zone(CES-D). The primary result was a score on the CES-D for mother depressive symptoms. Results: In individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, imbalanced thyroid hormonal state in general, as well as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, were found in 29.3, 25.17, and 4.08 percent, respectively. These figures were similar to those seen in patients with mental abnormalities (23.24, 21.62 and 1.62 percent, respectively). Anti TPO positivity was found in 11 of the 18 patients with schizophrenia scale illness. There were no distinctions based on gender. Conclusions: Patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disease and mood swings both had thyroid abnormalities. Patients with schizophrenia-spectrum abnormalities were more probably to have autoimmune thyroid disease than those with mood swings. The results highlight the importance of evaluating individuals with schizophrenia-scale abnormalities for thyroid hormone abnormalities and how it affects hypothyroidism.

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Mood Disorders in Levothyroxine-Treated Hypothyroid Women

Cited by 18 publications

References 60 publications

Health-Related Quality of Life in Levothyroxine-Treated Hypothyroid Women and Women without Hypothyroidism: A Case–Control Study

Health-Related Quality of Life in Levothyroxine-Treated Hypothyroid Women and Women without Hypothyroidism: A Case–Control Study

Is There an Association Between Hypothyroidism and Sexual Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Cumulative Analysis

Effects of Hypothyroidism on Women

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