“…A variety of research studies have emerged from this landmark series of cMOOCs. These include the following perspectives: the delivery model innovation introduction of a cMOOC (Fini, 2009;Rodriguez, 2013); Personal Learning Environment design and development with distributed technologies (Kop, 2010;Fournier, Kop, & Durand, 2014); learners participation and learning experience (Saadatmand & Kumpulainen, 2014;Smith & Eng, 2013;Levy, 2011;Kop, 2011;Mackness, Mak, & Williams, 2010), and a focus on facilitators' experiences (Arnold, Kumar, Thillosen, & Ebner, 2014). Some studies (Siemens, 2011c;Milligan, Littlejohn, & Margaryan, 2013Skrypnyk, Joksimović, Kovanović, Gašević, & Dawson, 2015;Bozkurt et al, 2016, Wang et al, 2017 relate directly to the pattern of interaction and communication observed in these connectivist learning environments.…”