Montreal Cognitive Assessment for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias

Davis, Daniel; Creavin, Sam; Yip, Jennifer; Noel-Storr, Anna; Brayne, Carol; Cullum, Sarah

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010775.pub2

Cited by 170 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(125 reference statements)

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“…A recent review found that the MoCA had a good sensitivity, allowing detection of over 94% of individuals with dementia in all observed settings (Davis et al, 2015). The same review underlined the low specificity of the MoCA, with over 40% of normal controls being false positives when their score falls below 26.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This test has proved to be sensitive to mild cognitive deficits and to predict future cognitive decline in several cognitively impaired states, including Alzheimer's disease and dementias (see Davis et al, 2015 for complete review), Parkinson's disease (Gill, Freshman, Blender & Ravina, 2008), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Villeneuve et al, 2012), rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (Gagnon, Postuma, Joncas, Desjardins & Latreille, 2010), Huntington's disease (Mickes et al, 2010;Videnovic et al, 2010), cerebrovascular diseases (Cameron, Ski & Thompson, 2012;Cumming, Bernhardt & Linden, 2011;Pendlebury, Cuthbertson, Welch, Mehta & Rothwell, 2010;Popovic, Seric & Demarin, 2007;Schweizer, Al-Khindi & Macdonald, 2012), human immunodeficiency virus (Overton et al, 2013), traumatic brain injury (de Guise et al, 2013), and cancer (Olson et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Normative Data for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Middle-Aged and Elderly Quebec-French People

Larouche

Tremblay

Potvin

et al. 2016

Arch Clin Neuropsychol

112

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Objective: Given that aging is associated with higher risk of cognitive decline and dementia, improving early detection of cognitive impairment has become a research and clinical priority. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a screening instrument used to assess different aspects of cognition. Despite its widespread use, norms adjusted to the sociodemographics of Quebec-French people are not yet available. Such norms are however important because performance on neuropsychological tests varies according to sociodemographic variables including age, sex, and education. As such, the present study aimed to establish normative data for the MoCA in middle-aged and elderly Quebec-French population. Method: For that purpose, 1,019 community-dwelling older adults aged between 41 and 98 were recruited. Participants from 12 recruiting sites completed the MoCA. Regression-based normative data were produced and cross-validated with a validation sample (n = 200). Results: Regression analyses indicated that older age, lower education level, and male sex were associated with poorer MoCA scores. The best predictive model included age (p < .001), education (p < .001), sex (p < .001), and a quadratic term for education (education X education; p < .001). This model explained a significant amount of variance of the MoCA score (p < .001, R 2 = 0.26). A regression equation to calculate Z scores is presented. Conclusions: This study provides normative data for the MoCA test in the middle-aged and elderly French-Quebec people. These data will facilitate more accurate detection and follow-up of the risk of cognitive impairment in this population, taking into account culture, age, education, and sex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative Data for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Middle-Aged and Elderly Quebec-French People

Larouche

Tremblay

Potvin

et al. 2016

Arch Clin Neuropsychol

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The same applies to differentiating dementia from NC. None the less, dementia diagnosis based on MoCA has recently been reviewed [32], suggesting the quality of the studies was "not good enough" to conclusively recommend its use and that a lower cut-off was likely to be more accurate. While the review reported optimal sensitivity and specificity due consideration was not given to education or variation in suggested cut-offs.…”

Section: Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Cultural Applicability of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): A Systematic Review

O’Driscoll

Shaikh

2017

JAD

147

121

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The MoCA is widely used to screen for mild cognitive impairment. While there are many available versions, the cross cultural validity of the assessment has not been explored sufficiently.We aimed to interrogate the validity of the MoCA in a cross-cultural context: in differentiating mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from normal controls (NC); and identifying cut-offs and adjustments for age and education where possible. This review sourced a wide range of studies including case-control studies. In addition, we report findings for differentiating dementias from NC and MCI from dementias, however, these were not considered to be an appropriate use of the MoCA.The subject of the review assumes heterogeneity and therefore meta-analysis/es was not conducted. Quality ratings, forest plots of validated studies (sensitivity and specificity) with covariates (suggested cut-offs, age, education and country) and summary received operating characteristic curve (sROC) are presented.The results showed a wide range in suggested cutoffs for MCI cross culturally, with variability in levels of sensitivity and specificity ranging from low to high. Poor methodological rigour appears to have affected reported accuracy and validity of the MoCA.The review highlights the necessity for cross cultural considerations when using the MoCA, and recognizing it as a screen and not a diagnostic tool. Appropriate cutoffs and point adjustments for education are suggested.2

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“…Although each of these tests has been previously validated in several languages and settings [10,11,12], mostly in comparison to the MMSE, to our knowledge, few studies have directly compared the diagnostic capacity of multiple instruments in the same study. In primary care, Holsinger et al [13] compared the modified MMSE, MIS, and Mini-Cog in the diagnosis of dementia, obtaining better results with the modified MMSE and Mini-Cog, while the MMSE achieved higher specificity but lower sensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Diagnostic Accuracy of the ACE-III, MIS, MMSE, MoCA, and RUDAS for Screening of Alzheimer Disease

Matías‐Guiu

Valles‐Salgado²,

Rognoni³

et al. 2017

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background: Our aim was to evaluate and compare the diagnostic properties of 5 screening tests for the diagnosis of mild Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods: We conducted a prospective and cross-sectional study of 92 patients with mild AD and of 68 healthy controls from our Department of Neurology. The diagnostic properties of the following tests were compared: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III), Memory Impairment Screen (MIS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS). Results: All tests yielded high diagnostic accuracy, with the ACE-III achieving the best diagnostic properties. The area under the curve was 0.897 for the ACE-III, 0.889 for the RUDAS, 0.874 for the MMSE, 0.866 for the MIS, and 0.856 for the MoCA. The Mini-ACE score from the ACE-III showed the highest diagnostic capacity (area under the curve 0.939). Memory scores of the ACE-III and of the RUDAS showed a better diagnostic accuracy than those of the MMSE and of the MoCA. All tests, especially the ACE-III, conveyed a higher diagnostic accuracy in patients with full primary education than in the less educated group. Implementing normative data improved the diagnostic accuracy of the ACE-III but not that of the other tests. Conclusions: The ACE-III achieved the highest diagnostic accuracy. This better discrimination was more evident in the more educated group.

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Montreal Cognitive Assessment for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias

Cited by 170 publications

References 51 publications

Normative Data for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Middle-Aged and Elderly Quebec-French People

Normative Data for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Middle-Aged and Elderly Quebec-French People

Cross-Cultural Applicability of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): A Systematic Review

Comparative Diagnostic Accuracy of the ACE-III, MIS, MMSE, MoCA, and RUDAS for Screening of Alzheimer Disease

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