Monthly variations of phytoliths in the leaves of the bamboo Dendrocalamus ronganensis (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)

Li, Rencheng; Jiang, Fan; Carter, John; Jiang, Neng; Gu, Yansheng

doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2017.06.006

Cited by 18 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Bulliform cells were found to be silicified in 8 out of 28 taxa (Kaufman et al 1985). Silicification may depend on the presence of available silica in the soils, position of the leaf, and developmental status of the plant (Motomura et al 2004;Sangster and Parry 1969;Honaine and Osterrieth 2012;Issaharou-Matchi et al 2016;Li et al 2017a;Liu et al 2016;Dey et al 2015). Silica uptake/deposition could be genetically and metabolically controlled, and in general it was believed that silica in plants is related to biotic and abiotic stresses (Ma and Yamaji 2006;Kumar et al 2017).…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicified bulliform cells of Poaceae: morphological characteristics that distinguish subfamilies

Chen

Tsang

2020

Bot Stud

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Background: Grass phytoliths are the most common phytoliths in sediments; recognizing grass phytolith types is important when using phytoliths as a tool to reconstruct paleoenvironments. Grass bulliform cells may be silicified to large size parallelepipedal or cuneiform shaped phytoliths, which were often regarded as of no taxonomic value. However, studies in eastern Asia had identified several forms of grass bulliform phytoliths, including rice bulliform phytolith, a phytolith type frequently used to track the history of rice domestication. Identification with a higher level of taxonomic resolution is possible, yet a systematic investigation on morphology of Poaceae bulliform phytoliths is lacking. We aimed at providing a morphological description of bulliform phytoliths of Poaceae from Taiwan based on morphometric measurements in anatomical aspect. The results are important references for paleo-ecological studies. Result: The morphology of grass bulliform phytoliths is usually consistent within a subfamily; the end profile is relatively rectangular in Panicoideae and Micrairoideae, whereas cuneiform to nearly circular in Oryzoideae, Bambusoideae, Arundinoideae, and Chloridoideae. Bulliform phytoliths were seldom observed in Pooideae. Certain morphotypes are limited to plants growing in specific environments. For example, large, thin, and pointed bulliform phytoliths are associated with wet habitat; Chloridoideae types are mostly from C4 plants occupying open arid places. Conclusion: Grass bulliform phytoliths can be identified at least to the subfamily level, and several forms were distinguished within large subfamilies. Previously un-reported silicified cell types, i.e., arm cells and fusoids, and two special trichome phytolith types associated with bulliform phytoliths, were described. Morphometric methods were great tools for delimiting morphotypes; with refined morphological classification the association between forms and habit/ habitats was revealed. The knowledge provides new ways to interpret phytolith assemblage data, and it is especially useful when the sediments are enriched in large blocky phytoliths.

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Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicified bulliform cells of Poaceae: morphological characteristics that distinguish subfamilies

Chen

Tsang

2020

Bot Stud

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“…A recent study by the same authors described that phytoliths are sensitive to warming and the size of saddle decreased, while that of hair cells and silicified stomata increased in response to warming and these responses were variable during different periods of the year in the same plant [120]. Similar results that the phytolith assemblages vary throughout the growing season were observed in leaves of bamboo ( Dendrocalamus ronganesis ) [121]. The diameter of scalloped phytoliths in Cucurbita pepo Var.…”

Section: Shape Size and Chemistry Of Phytolithsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Phytolith Formation in Plants: From Soil to Cell

Nawaz

Zakharenko

Zemchenko

et al. 2019

Plants

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Silica is deposited extra- and intracellularly in plants in solid form, as phytoliths. Phytoliths have emerged as accepted taxonomic tools and proxies for reconstructing ancient flora, agricultural economies, environment, and climate. The discovery of silicon transporter genes has aided in the understanding of the mechanism of silicon transport and deposition within the plant body and reconstructing plant phylogeny that is based on the ability of plants to accumulate silica. However, a precise understanding of the process of silica deposition and the formation of phytoliths is still an enigma and the information regarding the proteins that are involved in plant biosilicification is still scarce. With the observation of various shapes and morphologies of phytoliths, it is essential to understand which factors control this mechanism. During the last two decades, significant research has been done in this regard and silicon research has expanded as an Earth-life science superdiscipline. We review and integrate the recent knowledge and concepts on the uptake and transport of silica and its deposition as phytoliths in plants. We also discuss how different factors define the shape, size, and chemistry of the phytoliths and how biosilicification evolved in plants. The role of channel-type and efflux silicon transporters, proline-rich proteins, and siliplant1 protein in transport and deposition of silica is presented. The role of phytoliths against biotic and abiotic stress, as mechanical barriers, and their use as taxonomic tools and proxies, is highlighted.

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“…We hypothesize that compactness and specific surface area of phytoliths may be closely related to plant Si content and transpiration rate, and these characteristics of phytoliths can affect the capacity for C occlusion within the phytoliths (Li et al, 2013). Besides, it has also been reported that phytolith development in the leaves of Si-accumulating plants increased with Si uptake as well as water evaporation (Li et al, 2017). In the present study, the grasses are considered to have high phytolith contents in the late stage of growing season with relatively high evaporation (Klančnik et al, 2014).…”

Section: Silicon Regulation Of Phytolith/phytoc Productionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…plant tissues forming silica gel nano-particles, and developed eventually into various types of phytoliths (Li et al, 2017; Figure 3). Phytolith microstructure and surface element composition characterized by SEM/EDS indicated that differently sized nano-particle silica should control various phytolith shaping and PhytOC content.…”

Section: Silicon Regulation Of Phytolith/phytoc Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Effects on Biomass Carbon and Phytolith-Occluded Carbon in Grasslands Under High-Salinity Conditions

Liu

Song

et al. 2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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Changes in climate and land use are causing grasslands to suffer increasingly from abiotic stresses, including soil salinization. Silicon (Si) amendment has been frequently proposed to improve plant resistance to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses and increase ecosystem productivity while controlling the biogeochemical carbon (C) cycle. However, the effects of Si on plant C distribution and accumulation in salt-suffering grasslands are still unclear. In this study, we investigated how salt ions affected major elemental composition in plants and whether Si enhanced biomass C accumulation in grassland species in situ. In samples from the margins of salt lakes, our results showed that the differing distance away from the shore resulted in distinctive phytocoenosis, including halophytes and moderately salt-tolerant grasses, which are closely related to changing soil properties. Different salinity (Na + /K + , ranging from 0.02 to 11.8) in plants caused negative effects on plant C content that decreased from 53.9 to 29.2% with the increase in salinity. Plant Si storage [0.02-2.29 g Si m −2 dry weight (dw)] and plant Si content (0.53 to 2.58%) were positively correlated with bioavailable Si in soils (ranging from 94.4 to 192 mg kg −1). Although C contents in plants and phytoliths were negatively correlated with plant Si content, biomass C accumulation (1.90-83.5 g C m −2 dw) increased due to the increase of Si storage in plants. Plant phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC) increased from 0.07 to 0.28 of dry mass with the increase of Si content in moderately salt-tolerant grasses. This study demonstrates the potential of Si in mediating plant salinity and C assimilation, providing a reference for potential manipulation of long-term C sequestration via PhytOC production and biomass C accumulation in Si-accumulator dominated grasslands.

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Monthly variations of phytoliths in the leaves of the bamboo Dendrocalamus ronganensis (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)

Cited by 18 publications

References 44 publications

Silicified bulliform cells of Poaceae: morphological characteristics that distinguish subfamilies

Silicified bulliform cells of Poaceae: morphological characteristics that distinguish subfamilies

Phytolith Formation in Plants: From Soil to Cell

Silicon Effects on Biomass Carbon and Phytolith-Occluded Carbon in Grasslands Under High-Salinity Conditions

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