Monthly indices of the post‐smolt growth of Atlantic salmon from the Drammen River, Norway

McCarthy, Jennifer L.; Friedland, Kevin D.; Hansen, L. P.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01820.x

Cited by 59 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…Similar multi -decadal patterns in post -smolt growth to those reported for the River North Esk were shown for stocks in Ireland (Peyronnet et al 2007), Norway (McCarthy et al 2008 ) and multiple locations across Europe (Friedland et al 2009 ). These higher -resolution data now suggest that the fi rst few summer months at sea defi ne the critical period of growth -mediated post -smolt survival (McCarthy et al 2008 ;Friedland et al 2009 ;Section 16.8 ) and perhaps future analyses of climate impacts should focus on this period.…”

Section: Change In S Ize and G Rowth In The M Arine E Nvironmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting into Hot Water? Atlantic Salmon Responses to Climate Change in Freshwater and Marine Environments

Todd

Friedland

MacLean

et al. 2010

Atlantic Salmon Ecology

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Recent and projected climate changes -both in the freshwater and marine environments exploited by Atlantic salmon -present considerable adaptive challenges to many populations. In assessing the predictions and possible impacts of overall climate change, we focus in fresh water on precipitation, river discharge and temperature, whilst for the marine environment we highlight the interactions between temperature, size/growth -mediated predation and shifts in prey assemblages. Changes in seasonal temperature and fl ow regime will probably exert complex or confl icting interactions for particular river stocks in terms of freshwater survivorship, growth, smoltifi cation and timing of emigration. Ocean temperature changes will directly affect early post -smolt survivorship and indirectly infl uence prey availability and hence longer -term survivorship, growth, maturation and spawning run -timing. It is of immediate concern that most salmon stock abundances presently are at historical lows, but perhaps the greatest uncertainty in projecting their future health lies in our poor understanding of the genetic and ecological adaptability of populations in relation to the likely rate(s) of environmental change. Against the backdrop of a rapidly changing environment, a precautionary approach to managing salmon populations should be holistic and integrative of both the marine and freshwater environments, and should include the maintenance of their genetic variability and integrity.

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Section: Change In S Ize and G Rowth In The M Arine E Nvironmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting into Hot Water? Atlantic Salmon Responses to Climate Change in Freshwater and Marine Environments

Todd

Friedland

MacLean

et al. 2010

Atlantic Salmon Ecology

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“…Although a relationship between salmon scale radius size and fish length has been well established in the literature (e.g., Marr 1943;Ricker 1973Ricker , 1976, in common with many other studies (e.g., McCarthy et al 2008;Hogan and Friedland 2010;Marco-Rius et al 2013), scale sizes were not converted to body length or mass estimates, as it would introduce additional errors as a result of (i) scale reabsorption of the final annuli during the final year reducing accuracy (Seo et al 2006) and (ii) uncertainty in the relationship between scale growth to body growth. Scale radius was correlated with fork length (Pearson r = 0.47, p < 0.001; fish length data available from 1998 to 2010).…”

Section: Scale Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine growth patterns of southern British Columbia chum salmon explained by interactions between density-dependent competition and changing climate

Debertin

Irvine

Holt

et al. 2017

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Thirty-nine years of scale growth measurements from Big Qualicum River chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in southern British Columbia demonstrated that competition and climate variation affect marine growth and age-at-maturity. A longitudinal study design that accounted for correlation among individuals revealed growth at all ages was reduced when the biomass of North American chum, sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka), and pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) was high. When North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) was positive, indicating increased primary productivity, predicted growth increased. Climate variation influenced competition effects. For instance, density-dependent competition effects increased when NPGO became more positive and Pacific Decadal Oscillation became more negative (indicating cool conditions), causing the greatest range in predicted scale size. Chum salmon are likely to exhibit continued reduction in growth at age due to increased ocean temperatures driven by climate change and high aggregate salmon biomass that includes hatchery releases. If evidence of biomass and climate effects presented here are common among Pacific salmon populations, reduction of hatchery releases should be considered. Résumé :Des mesures sur 39 ans de la croissance des écailles de saumons kétas (Oncorhynchus keta) de la Grande rivière Qualicum, dans le sud de la Colombie-Britannique, démontrent que la concurrence et les variations climatiques ont une incidence sur la croissance en mer et l'âge à la maturité. Un plan d'étude longitudinale qui tient compte de la corrélation entre individus révèle que la croissance à tous les âges est plus faible quand la biomasse des saumons kétas, sockeyes (Oncorhynchus nerka) et roses (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) d'Amérique du Nord est élevée. Quand l'oscillation du tourbillon nord-pacifique (OTPN) est positive, indiquant une productivité primaire accrue, la croissance prédite augmente. Les variations du climat ont également une incidence sur ces effets de concurrence. Les effets de la concurrence dépendant de la densité augmentent quand l'OTPN devient plus positive et l'oscillation décennale du Pacifique, plus négative (indiquant des conditions fraîches), ce qui produit la plus grande fourchette de tailles d'écailles prédites. Il est probable que les saumons kétas continueront de présenter une diminution de la croissance selon l'âge en raison de la hausse des températures océaniques causée par les changements climatiques et de la forte biomasse totale de saumons incluant les individus issus d'écloseries. Si les indices d'effets de la biomasse et du climat relevés dans la présente étude s'avéraient répandus dans les populations de saumons du Pacifique, il serait pertinent d'examiner la possibilité de réduire les lâchers de poissons issus d'écloseries. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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“…However, the general and continued decline in Atlantic salmon marine survival during the last decades (e.g. Friedland et al, 2003;Jonsson and Jonsson, 2004;McCarthy et al, 2008;Chaput, 2012), suggest observed changes in ocean climate (Hoegh-Guldberg and Bruno, 2010) may be causative.…”

Section: Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

The major threats to Atlantic salmon in Norway

Forseth

Barlaup

Finstad

et al. 2017

ICES Journal of Marine Science

209

186

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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is an economically and culturally important species. Norway has more than 400 watercourses with Atlantic salmon and supports a large proportion of the world's wild Atlantic salmon. Atlantic salmon are structured into numerous genetically differentiated populations, and are therefore managed at the population level. Long-distance migrations between freshwater and ocean habitats expose Atlantic salmon to multiple threats, and a number of anthropogenic factors have contributed to the decline of Atlantic salmon during the last decades. Knowledge on the relative importance of the different anthropogenic factors is vital for prioritizing management measures. We developed a semi-quantitative 2D classification system to rank the different anthropogenic factors and used this to assess the major threats to Norwegian Atlantic salmon. Escaped farmed salmon and salmon lice from fish farms were identified as expanding population threats, with escaped farmed salmon being the largest current threat. These two factors affect populations to the extent that they may be critically endangered or lost, with a large likelihood of causing further reductions and losses in the future. The introduced parasite Gyrodactylus salaris, freshwater acidification, hydropower regulation and other habitat alterations were identified as stabilized population threats, which have contributed to populations becoming critically endangered or lost, but with a low likelihood of causing further loss. Other impacts were identified as less influential, either as stabilized or expanding factors that cause loss in terms of number of returning adults, but not to the extent that populations become threatened. Management based on population specific reference points (conservation limits) has reduced exploitation in Norway, and overexploitation was therefore no longer regarded an important impact factor. The classification system may be used as a template for ranking of anthropogenic impact factors in other countries and as a support for national and international conservation efforts.

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Monthly indices of the post‐smolt growth of Atlantic salmon from the Drammen River, Norway

Cited by 59 publications

References 48 publications

Getting into Hot Water? Atlantic Salmon Responses to Climate Change in Freshwater and Marine Environments

Getting into Hot Water? Atlantic Salmon Responses to Climate Change in Freshwater and Marine Environments

Marine growth patterns of southern British Columbia chum salmon explained by interactions between density-dependent competition and changing climate

The major threats to Atlantic salmon in Norway

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