Monte Carlo validation in the diagnostic radiology range

Nikolopoulos, Dimitrios; Linardatos, Dionysios; Valais, I.; Michail, C.; Stoppa, David; Panagiotis, Gonias; Bertsekas, N.; Cavouras, Dionysios; Louizï, A.; Kandarakis, I.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2006.10.079

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Monte Carlo simulations provide flexibility in the design of phantom and irradiation systems, which are either very expensive or exceptionally complex and demanding to setup experimentally (Kalender 1981, Chan and Doi 1982, Dance and Day 1984, Barnea and Dick 1986, Boone and Seibert 1988, Boone et al 2000b, Boone et al 2002a, Saunders and Samei 2006, Ullman et al 2006, Ghafarain et al 2007, Al Kafi et al 2009, Cunha et al 2010, Sisniega et al 2013. Monte Carlo simulations also have the advantage of being able to replicate clinical situations and allow validation of technologies before implementation (Chan and Doi 1983, Nikolopoulos et al 2007, Salvat et al 2008, Myronakis et al 2013, Del Lama et al 2016. For example, a commonly used Monte Carlo simulation is PENELOPE (Penetration and energy loss of positrons and electrons), which uses the FORTRAN computer language and has a set of subroutines which perform simulations of electron-photon coupled transport for a wide energy range in arbitrary materials and geometries (Sempau et al 2001, Sempau et al 2003, Salvat et al 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new solution for radiation transmission in anti-scatter grids

Zhou

Yin²,

White

et al. 2016

Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express

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Analytic calculations of radiation transmission in focused grids or parallel grids are currently performed using the Day and Dance method. In parallel grids, this method calculates the mean transmission of radiation of grid units each of which consists of a strip and the adjacent interspace. The Day and Dance method extrapolates grid-unit-mean transmission of uniformly distributed radiation in focused grids and may underestimate the transmission of scatter radiation. This method fails to preserve detailed grid strips and interspaces information resulting from stationary grids. In this work a new method has been developed to calculate transmission of radiation. This new method and that of Day and Dance were evaluated and compared using Monte Carlo simulation. In the moving grids, the new method calculated the transmission of radiation and accounted for the effect of grid cut-off, which is approximately 4% in the transmission of primary radiation for the mammographic grid (grid ratio 5:1) or 7% for the general grid (grid ratio 15:1). In stationary grids, the new method preserves grid strips and interspace information-observed as grid lines in the x-ray image. The new method improves modelling of radiation transport in focused or parallel grids-whether moving or in stationary-over other analytical methods currently in use. RECEIVED

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new solution for radiation transmission in anti-scatter grids

Zhou

Yin²,

White

et al. 2016

Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express

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“…This is because they 2012 JINST 7 P11021 neglect energy redistribution due to scatter radiation, Compton electrons, bremsstrahlung, fluorescence photons, Auger and Koster-Cronig electrons. On the other hand, the stochastic processes of radiation transport have been studied efficiently through Monte Carlo simulation [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Several general Monte Carlo packages are available (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several general Monte Carlo packages are available (e.g. TART, PENELOPE, MCNP, GEANT4, GATE, EGSnrcMP) [16,17,22,23,25]. Their design for complex geometries of particle showers are developed for broad uses, thus, their specialisation is constrained, unless non-trivial coding is developed with specific language or script [16,17,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A semi-empirical Monte Carlo based model of the Detector Optical Gain of Nuclear Imaging scintillators

et al. 2012

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This paper reports a theoretical model of the optical gain of single-crystal scintillators of Nuclear Imaging. The model described the generation, propagation and escape of scintillation light as function of thickness and absorbed gamma ray energy. The latter was calculated via Monte Carlo methods at various crystal depths. The energies of 140 keV, 364 keV and 512 keV were investigated. The adopted thickness and energy values cover the range utilized in nuclear medicine imaging. For the semi-empirical approach, theoretical results were compared to experimental data for photon energies of 140 keV and 364 keV and the model's optical parameters were determined by the trial and error method. The results rendered the calculation of the optimum crystal thickness per investigated gamma ray energy. The presented results could be useful in designing nuclear medicine imaging systems.

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Validation of a Monte Carlo code system for grid evaluation with interference effect on Rayleigh scattering

Zhou

White²,

Davidson

2018

Phys. Med. Biol.

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Anti-scatter grids are commonly used in x-ray imaging systems to reduce scatter radiation reaching the image receptor. Anti-scatter grid performance and validation can be simulated through use of Monte Carlo (MC) methods. Our recently reported work has modified existing MC codes resulting in improved performance when simulating x-ray imaging. The aim of this work is to validate the transmission of x-ray photons in grids from the recently reported new MC codes against experimental results and results previously reported in other literature. The results of this work show that the scatter-to-primary ratio (SPR), the transmissions of primary (T ), scatter (T), and total (T ) radiation determined using this new MC code system have strong agreement with the experimental results and the results reported in the literature. T, T , T, and SPR determined in this new MC simulation code system are valid. These results also show that the interference effect on Rayleigh scattering should not be neglected in both mammographic and general grids' evaluation. Our new MC simulation code system has been shown to be valid and can be used for analysing and evaluating the designs of grids.

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Monte Carlo validation in the diagnostic radiology range

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

A new solution for radiation transmission in anti-scatter grids

A new solution for radiation transmission in anti-scatter grids

A semi-empirical Monte Carlo based model of the Detector Optical Gain of Nuclear Imaging scintillators

Validation of a Monte Carlo code system for grid evaluation with interference effect on Rayleigh scattering

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