Monte-Carlo techniques for radiotherapy applications II: equipment and source modelling, dose calculations and radiobiology

Fielding, Andrew

doi:10.1017/s1460396923000080

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…In recent decades, the discipline of radiation therapy (RT) for the treatment of cancer has experienced a substantial impact from technological innovation [1][2][3][4][5]. External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT) is among the most effective treatment options when paired with immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The limited received dose may prevent a tumor from being completely eliminated and impair the efficiency of radiation [11]. To address this problem, a new technology of RT known as FLASH Radiation Therapy (FLASH-RT) as an emerging technique in RT gained much interest [2,[5][6][7][8]. In FLASH-RT, tumor and surrounding tissues receive an ultra-high-dose-rate in a fraction of a second [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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FLASH Radiation Therapy — Key physical irradiation parameters and beam characteristics

Boudaghi Malidarreh,

Zakaly

2024

J. Inst.

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FLASH-RT represents a novel therapeutic radiation modality that holds remarkable potential for mitigating radiation therapy's adverse side effects. This cutting-edge technology allows for sparing healthy tissue while precisely targeting cancerous cells. This is possible by administering an ultra-high-dose-rate in less than a few hundred milliseconds. FLASH-RT has demonstrated impressive results in small-animal models, prompting scientists to adapt and advance existing technologies to make it a viable treatment option for humans. However, producing the ultra-high-dose-rate radiation required for the therapy remains a significant challenge. Several radiation sources, such as very high energy electrons (VHEEs), low energy electrons, x-rays, and protons, have been studied for their ability to deliver the necessary dose. Among them, FLASH-x-ray has gained the most attention owing to its capacity to penetrate deep-seated tumors. Despite the complexity of the process, the potential advantages of FLASH-RT made it an exciting area of research. To achieve the FLASH effect, high-frequency, pulsed irradiated accelerator technology can be employed. Sparing healthy tissue may allow for more aggressive and effective cancer treatments, leading to a better quality of life for patients. Ongoing research and development will be necessary to refine and optimize this approach to radiation therapy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FLASH Radiation Therapy — Key physical irradiation parameters and beam characteristics

Boudaghi Malidarreh,

Zakaly

2024

J. Inst.

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show abstract

“…In recent decades, the discipline of radiation therapy (RT) for the treatment of cancer has experienced a substantial impact from technological innovation [1][2][3][4][5]. External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT), one of the current treatment options, is among the most effective when paired with immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The limited received dose may prevent a tumour from being completely eliminated and impair the efficiency of radiation [11]. To address this problem, a new technology of RT known as FLASH Radiation Therapy (FLASH-RT) as an emerging technique in RT gained much interest [2,[5][6][7][8]. In FLASH-RT, tumour and surrounding tissues receive an ultra-high-dose rate in a fraction of second [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FLASH Radiation Therapy- Key Physical Irradiation Parameters and Beam Characteristics

boodaghi malidarre,

Zakaly

2023

Preprint

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FLASH-RT represents a novel therapeutic radiation modality that holds remarkable potential for mitigating radiation therapy’s adverse side effects. This cutting-edge technology allows for the sparing of healthy tissue while precisely targeting cancerous cells by administering an ultra-high dose-rates of typically between 10 and 30 Gy in less than a few hundred milliseconds. FLASH-RT has demonstrated impressive results in small-animal models, prompting scientists to adapt and advance existing technologies to make it a viable treatment option for humans. However, producing the ultra-high-dose-rate radiation required for the therapy remains a significant challenge. Several radiation sources, such as very high energy electrons (VHEEs), low energy electrons, x-rays, and protons, have been studied for their ability to deliver the necessary dose. Among them, FLASH-x-ray has gained the most attention owing to its capacity to penetrate deeply seated tumours. Despite the complexity of the process, the potential advantages of FLASH-RT make it an exciting area of research. To achieve the FLASH effect, high-frequency, pulsed irradiated accelerator technology can be employed. Sparing healthy tissue, it may allow for more aggressive and effective cancer treatments, leading to a better quality of life for patients. Ongoing research and development will be necessary to refine and optimize this approach to radiation therapy.

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In-silico evaluation of the effect of set-up errors on dose delivery during mouse irradiations with a cell irradiator-based collimator system

Entezam

Fielding

Ratnayake

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Set-up errors are a problem for pre-clinical irradiators that lack imaging capabilities. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the potential set-up errors on the dose distribution for a mouse with a xenographic tumour irradiated with a Gammacell irradiator equipped with an in-house lead collimator with 10 mm diameter apertures. The EGSnrc Monte-Carlo (MC) code was used to simulate the potential errors caused by displacements of the mouse in the irradiation setup. The impact of the simulated set-up displacements on the dose delivered to the xenographic tumour and surrounding organs was assessed. MC dose calculations were performed in a Computed Tomography (CT) derived model of the mouse for the reference position of the tumour in the irradiation setup. The errors were added into the CT data and then the mouse doses for the corresponding shifts were recalculated and dose volume histograms (DVHs) were generated. The investigation was performed for 1 cm and 0.5 cm diameter tumours. The DVH resulting from introducing the maximum setup errors for 1 cm diameter tumours showed up to 35% reduced dose to a significant fraction of the tumour volume. The setup errors demonstrated an insignificant effect on doses for 0.5 cm diameter tumour irradiations. Setup errors were observed to have negligible impact on out of field doses to organs at risk. The dosimetric results presented herein verify the robustness of our collimator system for irradiations of xenograft tumours up to 0.5 cm diameter in the presence of the maximum setup errors.

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Monte-Carlo techniques for radiotherapy applications II: equipment and source modelling, dose calculations and radiobiology

Cited by 3 publications

References 80 publications

FLASH Radiation Therapy — Key physical irradiation parameters and beam characteristics

FLASH Radiation Therapy — Key physical irradiation parameters and beam characteristics

FLASH Radiation Therapy- Key Physical Irradiation Parameters and Beam Characteristics

In-silico evaluation of the effect of set-up errors on dose delivery during mouse irradiations with a cell irradiator-based collimator system

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