Monte Carlo simulations of energy losses by space protons in the CRaTER detector

Comparison of the transport codes HZETRN, HETC and FLUKA for galactic cosmic rays

“…It does provide the means for predicting the interaction product yields, production angles and energies using nuclear models for transport processes. It has been extensively used for code verification, bench marking and testing against available laboratory beam data associated with energetic heavy ions (Miller and Townsend, 2004;Miller and Townsend, 2005;Townsend et al, 2005;Sihver et al, 2008;Charara et al, 2008;Mansur et al, 2009;Townsend et al, 2010).…”

Comparison of the transport codes HZETRN, HETC and FLUKA for a solar particle event

“…The HETC-HEDS transport code is a Monte Carlo based solution method designed specifically for solving space radiation problems associated with secondary particle fields produced by space radiation interacting with shielding and equipment Townsend, 2004, 2005;Townsend et al, 2005;Sihver et al, 2008;Charara et al, 2008;Mansur et al, 2009;Townsend et al, 2010). It is a three dimensional, generalized radiation transport code capable of handling and analyzing radiation fields which affect critical body organs of astronauts such as bone marrow and the central nervous system.…”

Linear Energy Transfer estimates for the CRaTER instrument on LRO

“…The suitability of the HETC-HEDS code for the LET analyses reported herein has been established through (1) extensive comparisons with experimental measurements of energy loss spectra for a variety of laboratory heavy ion beams colliding with a variety of targets at incident beam energies representative of galactic cosmic ray environments [13], (2) an inter-comparison of CRaTER LET spectrum calculations with HETC-HEDS and MCNPX [14] for incident protons with energies between 100 MeV and 2 GeV [2], and (3) detailed benchmarking [15], [16], [17], with FLUKA [18] and with the HZETRN space radiation code [19], for incident space radiation spectra consisting of solar energetic protons and the 1977 solar minimum GCR spectrum of Badhwar-O'Neill [20]. In all these cases, the agreement with experimental data or other code predictions was very good.…”

“…The expected values of LET for these heavy ions are presented in this paper. Previous work made predictions of LET spectra for protons [2] and iron [3]. The latter study was preliminary in that the code used for the analyses was a simple one-dimensional analytical transport code.…”