“…For instance, Huang et al showed that cross-linked dextran-coated IONs (CLIONs) were internalized by HeLa cells and EMT-6 mouse breast cancer cells and improved the killing effects of X-ray irradiation 117 . Recently, several groups have presented similar results 118 showing the application of IONs together with MRI 119 . Other studies indicated that X-ray radiosensitization by IONs might be attributed to the production of ROS owing to IONs' surface-catalyzed Haber-Weiss cycle and Fenton reaction 120 - 122 .…”
Section: Metal-based
Nanoenhancers
For Ionizing Ramentioning
confidence: 71%
“…Thus, in contrast to conventional chemical and biological agents used as radiosensitizers or for synergistic chemo-radiotherapy with specific biological targets, it is uncertain what the most critical target for the radiosensitizing and synergistic effects of (high Z) metal-based nanoparticles/ NanoEnhancers would be, because the primary targets depend on cellular and subcellular distribution and location of metal-based NanoEnhancers 118 .…”
Section: Biological Contributions Of Metal-based
Nanoenhancmentioning
Radiotherapy is one of the major therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. In the past decade, there has been growing interest in using high Z (atomic number) elements (materials) as radiosensitizers. New strategies in nanomedicine could help to improve cancer diagnosis and therapy at cellular and molecular levels. Metal-based nanoparticles usually exhibit chemical inertness in cellular and subcellular systems and may play a role in radiosensitization and synergistic cell-killing effects for radiation therapy. This review summarizes the efficacy of metal-based NanoEnhancers against cancers in both in vitro and in vivo systems for a range of ionizing radiations including gamma-rays, X-rays, and charged particles. The potential of translating preclinical studies on metal-based nanoparticles-enhanced radiation therapy into clinical practice is also discussed using examples of several metal-based NanoEnhancers (such as CYT-6091, AGuIX, and NBTXR3). Also, a few general examples of theranostic multimetallic nanocomposites are presented, and the related biological mechanisms are discussed.
“…For instance, Huang et al showed that cross-linked dextran-coated IONs (CLIONs) were internalized by HeLa cells and EMT-6 mouse breast cancer cells and improved the killing effects of X-ray irradiation 117 . Recently, several groups have presented similar results 118 showing the application of IONs together with MRI 119 . Other studies indicated that X-ray radiosensitization by IONs might be attributed to the production of ROS owing to IONs' surface-catalyzed Haber-Weiss cycle and Fenton reaction 120 - 122 .…”
Section: Metal-based
Nanoenhancers
For Ionizing Ramentioning
confidence: 71%
“…Thus, in contrast to conventional chemical and biological agents used as radiosensitizers or for synergistic chemo-radiotherapy with specific biological targets, it is uncertain what the most critical target for the radiosensitizing and synergistic effects of (high Z) metal-based nanoparticles/ NanoEnhancers would be, because the primary targets depend on cellular and subcellular distribution and location of metal-based NanoEnhancers 118 .…”
Section: Biological Contributions Of Metal-based
Nanoenhancmentioning
Radiotherapy is one of the major therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. In the past decade, there has been growing interest in using high Z (atomic number) elements (materials) as radiosensitizers. New strategies in nanomedicine could help to improve cancer diagnosis and therapy at cellular and molecular levels. Metal-based nanoparticles usually exhibit chemical inertness in cellular and subcellular systems and may play a role in radiosensitization and synergistic cell-killing effects for radiation therapy. This review summarizes the efficacy of metal-based NanoEnhancers against cancers in both in vitro and in vivo systems for a range of ionizing radiations including gamma-rays, X-rays, and charged particles. The potential of translating preclinical studies on metal-based nanoparticles-enhanced radiation therapy into clinical practice is also discussed using examples of several metal-based NanoEnhancers (such as CYT-6091, AGuIX, and NBTXR3). Also, a few general examples of theranostic multimetallic nanocomposites are presented, and the related biological mechanisms are discussed.
“…We also assessed the influence of GNP size on energy absorption. In previous studies, the dose enhancement was simulated with different-sized GNPs at fixed number of GNPs using a similar geometry to that used in the present paper [41]. On the other hand, we simulated the influence of GNP size at fixed weight concentrations because our hypothesis was that the inter-GNP separation should highly influence the energy absorption by clustered GNPs.…”
The utilization of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as a radiation sensitizer has received broad attention. Although GNPs form clusters in living cells, most previous simulation studies have assumed a homogeneous distribution of GNPs. In this study, a GNP cluster was constructed for simulations and the impact of cluster formation on dose enhancement was examined. Energy absorption by the GNPs was compared between clustered and homogeneous distributions for several different GNP concentrations and diameters under 100 keV X-ray irradiations. Our simulations showed that clusters more efficiently absorbed the secondary electrons and photons produced by GNPs themselves. Furthermore, the impact of cluster formation on dose enhancement was more significant for smaller GNPs and higher concentrations. Our results suggest that previous simulations assuming a homogeneous GNP distribution have overestimated the dose enhancement, especially for smaller GNPs and higher concentrations. These findings should guide the selection of GNP size and concentration for effectively optimizing dose enhancement in future studies.
“…Numerous studies (especially simulations and theoretical calculations) tend to show that the potentiating effect of radiosensitizing nanoparticles is drastically impacted by their state of aggregation and organization. 43,44 In hybridosomes®, the assembly of gold nanoparticles into a robust nanocapsule is certainly the key to their performance in terms of potentiating applied radiation. We are currently investigating this hypothesis in the laboratory.…”
CG, UJ, PAE, MB and SC performed most experiments and analyses. MK synthesized the iron oxide nanoparticles. CG, UJ, TG, FG and SC designed and supervised the study. CG, UJ, PAE, FG and SC wrote and edited the manuscript.
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