Monte Carlo simulation of grain refinement during friction stir processing

Khodabakhshi, F.; Derazkola, Hamed Aghajani; Gerlich, A.P.

doi:10.1007/s10853-020-04963-2

Cited by 39 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Based on the results of tensile tests presented in Table 4, in all studied offsets, the UTS, YS, and E% parameters of the joints welded by the RP-FSW technique are larger than the AP-FSW specimens. According to the researches, in general, the mechanical and microstructural properties of the joint in the RS region are more suitable than in the AS region, which is due to the appropriate and significant plastic flow in the RS region compared to the AS [67][68][69]. Due to the inversion of the flow direction and the direction of tool movement in AS, a relatively fewer material flow is formed in AS than in RS.…”

Section: Tensile Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Welded Specimens of AA6061-T6 Alloy with Friction Stir Welding and Parallel-Friction Stir Welding Methods

et al. 2021

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The present study investigates the effect of two parameters of process type and tool offset on tensile, microhardness, and microstructure properties of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy joints. Three methods of Friction Stir Welding (FSW), Advancing Parallel-Friction Stir Welding (AP-FSW), and Retreating Parallel-Friction Stir Welding (RP-FSW) were used. In addition, four modes of 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mm of tool offset were used in two welding passes in AP-FSW and RP-FSW processes. Based on the results, it was found that the mechanical properties of welded specimens with AP-FSW and RP-FSW techniques experience significant increments compared to FSW specimens. The best mechanical and microstructural properties were observed in the samples welded by RP-FSW, AP-FSW, and FSW methods, respectively. Welded specimens with the RP-FSW technique had better mechanical properties than other specimens due to the concentration of material flow in the weld nugget and proper microstructure refinement. In both AP-FSW and RP-FSW processes, by increasing the tool offset to 1.5 mm, joint efficiency increased significantly. The highest weld strength was found for welded specimens by RP-FSW and AP-FSW processes with a 1.5 mm tool offset. The peak sample of the RP-FSW process (1.5 mm offset) had the closest mechanical properties to the base metal, in which the Yield Stress (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation percentage (E%) were 76.4%, 86.5%, and 70% of base metal, respectively. In the welding area, RP-FSW specimens had smaller average grain size and higher hardness values than AP-FSW specimens.

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Section: Tensile Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Welded Specimens of AA6061-T6 Alloy with Friction Stir Welding and Parallel-Friction Stir Welding Methods

et al. 2021

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“…where u, v and w present the material velocities in the x, y and z directions. With combination Equations ( 2)-( 4), the viscosity of WM can be presented by [1,[56][57][58]:…”

Section: Materials Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pin Shape on Thermal History of Aluminum-Steel Friction Stir Welded Joint: Computational Fluid Dynamic Modeling and Validation

et al. 2021

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This article studied the effects of pin angle on heat generation and temperature distribution during friction stir welding (FSW) of AA1100 aluminum alloy and St-14 low carbon steel. A validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was implemented to simulate the FSW process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed in order to investigate internal materials’ flow. Simulation results revealed that the mechanical work on the joint line increased with the pin angle and larger stir zone forms. The simulation results show that in the angled pin tool, more than 26% of the total heat is produced by the pin. Meanwhile, in other cases, the total heat produced by the pin was near 15% of the total generated heat. The thermo-mechanical cycle in the steel zone increased, and consequently, mechanical interlock between base metals increased. The simulation output demonstrated that the frictional heat generation with a tool without a pin angle is higher than an angled pin. The calculation result also shows that the maximum heat was generated on the steel side.

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“…The σf indicates flow stress of WM that can be presented as [39][40][41][42]: In Equation ( 2), the ρ, P and u 1 , presented density, pressure and welding velocity, respectively.…”

Section: Materials Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pin Angle Thermal Effects on Friction Stir Welding of AA5058 Aluminum Alloy: CFD Simulation and Experimental Validation

et al. 2021

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The friction stir welding (FSW) of tool pin geometry plays a critical role in the final properties of the produced joint. The tool pin geometry directly affects the generation of heat and the flow of internal materials during the FSW process. The effects of the FSW tool pin angle on heat generation and internal flow have not been quantitatively investigated in detail. In this manuscript, a validated Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model was implemented to analyze the effects of pin angle on the thermo-mechanical action during the FSW process of AA5058 Al-Mg alloy. Experimental test results validate the thermal outcomes of the used model. The obtained results revealed that, when the pin angle is increased, the heat generation decreases while the mechanical action of the tool increases. The internal heat distribution at a higher pin angle is symmetrical. The higher mechanical action of the tool decreases the viscosity of the internal materials and increases stirring action (materials flow) around the pin. Furthermore, plastic flow near the tool increased stirring action and formed a larger stir zone in the joint area.

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Monte Carlo simulation of grain refinement during friction stir processing

Cited by 39 publications

References 67 publications

Investigation of Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Welded Specimens of AA6061-T6 Alloy with Friction Stir Welding and Parallel-Friction Stir Welding Methods

Investigation of Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Welded Specimens of AA6061-T6 Alloy with Friction Stir Welding and Parallel-Friction Stir Welding Methods

Effect of Pin Shape on Thermal History of Aluminum-Steel Friction Stir Welded Joint: Computational Fluid Dynamic Modeling and Validation

Pin Angle Thermal Effects on Friction Stir Welding of AA5058 Aluminum Alloy: CFD Simulation and Experimental Validation

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