Monte Carlo simulation of gamma-ray total counting efficiency for a Phoswich detector

Analytical expression to calculate total and full-energy peak efficiencies for cylindrical phoswich and lanthanum bromide scintillation detectors

“…The phoswich detector consisted of a 0.00635 cm thick CaF 2 (Eu) crystal (decay constant 940ns) and a 5.08 Â 5.08 cm NaI(Tl) crystal (decay constant 230ns) and was read out by a single PMT. The front face of the CaF 2 (Eu) crystal was coated with aluminum of a few hundred microns thick and the two scintillators have been separated by a 0.3175 cm thick dead quartz (SiO 2 ) layer (Yalcin et al, 2009), see Fig. 3.…”

“…In the case of a phoswich detector, the measured and simulated total efficiencies for a 57 Co gamma (with energies 100 and 150 keV) and 137 Cs gamma (with an energy 662 keV) sources (Yalcin et al, 2009) are summarized in Tables 1 and 2, respectively together with the direct theoretical ones (present work). The simulated (Yalcin et al, 2009) and theoretical (present work) total efficiencies for a point source at different source to detector distances, h, are summarized in Table 3. In addition, the simulated (Yalcin et al, 2009) and theoretical (present work) total efficiencies for concentric coaxial disk sources of radii S ¼ 1.17 cm and 2.51 cm at different …”

“…The simulated (Yalcin et al, 2009) and theoretical (present work) total efficiencies for a point source at different source to detector distances, h, are summarized in Table 3. In addition, the simulated (Yalcin et al, 2009) and theoretical (present work) total efficiencies for concentric coaxial disk sources of radii S ¼ 1.17 cm and 2.51 cm at different …”

“…Comparison between calculated (present work), experimental (Yalcin et al, 2009) and simulated (Yalcin et al, 2009) total efficiencies of cylindrical Phoswich detector for a 57 Co gamma (with energies 100 and 150 keV) source. The source to detector distance is h ¼ 0.464 cm (the distance D ¼ 0.14 cm).…”

“…Will start first with the phoswich detector, it consists of two or more scintillation detectors optically coupled as a phosphor sandwich, from which the scintillation light output is viewed by a single photomultiplier tube (PMT) (L'Annunziata, 2003). Much current research is directed to the development of phoswich detectors as practical instruments for the simultaneous measurement and discrimination of alpha, beta, gamma, or neutron radiation (de Celis et al, 2007;Farsoni and Hamby, 2007;Mayhugh et al, 1977;Heath et al, 1979;Usuda et al, 1997Usuda et al, , 1998Wissink et al, 1997;White and Miller, 1999;Childress and Miller, 2002;Gawlikowicz et al, 2002;Yamasoto et al, 2005;Ely et al, 2005;Anshakov et al, 2006;Yalcin et al, 2007Yalcin et al, , 2009. As for the second type of detectors (lanthanum bromide scintillation detector), the cerium-doped lanthanum halide crystals have gained special interest due to their high density and atomic number, which results in excellent scintillation properties and higher detection efficiencies in comparison to NaI(Tl) (Van Loef et al, 2002;Menge et al, 2007;Glodo et al, 2005;Quarati et al, 2007;Moses, 2002;Nicolini et al 2007;Kumar et al, 2009aKumar et al, , 2009b.…”