Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer Simulation to Analyze the Spectral Index for Remote Detection of Oil Dispersed in the Southern Baltic Sea Seawater Column: The Role of Water Surface State

Otremba, Zbigniew; Piskozub, Jacek

doi:10.3390/rs14020247

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…In the previous studies [ 24 , 30 ], in which a virtual sensor was positioned above the sea surface, the spectral index values for both oil-free seawater and polluted water were about twenty times lower than when the sensor was located under the sea surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Light Penetrating the Seawater Column as the Indicator of Oil Suspension—Monte Carlo Modelling for the Case of the Southern Baltic Sea

Lednicka

Otremba

Piskozub

2023

Sensors

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The strong need to control investments related to oil extraction and the growing demand for offshore deep-water exploration are the reasons for looking for tools to make up a global underwater monitoring system. Therefore, the current study analyses the possibility of revealing the existence of oil-in-water emulsions in the water column, based on the modelling of the downwelling radiance detected by a virtual underwater sensor. Based on the Monte Carlo simulation for the large numbers of solar photons in the water, the analyses were carried out for eight wavelengths ranging from 412 to 676 nm using dispersed oil with a concentration of 10 ppm. The optical properties of the seawater were defined as typical for the southern Baltic Sea, while the oil emulsion model was based on the optical properties of crude oil extracted in this area. Based on the above-mentioned assumptions and modelling, a spectral index was obtained, with the most favourable combination of 555/412 nm, whose value is indicative of the presence of an oil emulsion in the water.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Light Penetrating the Seawater Column as the Indicator of Oil Suspension—Monte Carlo Modelling for the Case of the Southern Baltic Sea

Lednicka

Otremba

Piskozub

2023

Sensors

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“…However, despite its many advantages, remote sensing has limitations; an example of this is the detection and identification of oil pollutants over the vertical dimension of the water column, when oil is not visible on the sea surface. Considering future remote technologies, this issue is developed by modeling the radiance reflectance of the water masses [17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorometric Detection of Oil Traces in a Sea Water Column

Baszanowska

Otremba

2022

Sensors

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This study focuses on broadening the knowledge of a fluorometric index to improve the detection of oil substances present in the marine environment. It is assumed that the value of this index will provide information about a possible oil discharge at some distance from the sensor. In this paper, the detection of oil present in seawater as a mixture of oils such as fuel, lubricate oil, or crude oil based on a fluorescence indicator-fluorometric index (FIo/w) is discussed. FIo/w was defined based on specific excitation and emission wavelengths coming from the obtained excitation–emission spectrum (EEM) of oil-free seawater and, in parallel, the same water but artificially polluted with oil. For this, measurements of a mixture of oils in seawater for an oil-to-water ratio in the range from 50 × 10−9 to 200 × 10−9 as well as oil-free seawater were performed. Laboratory measurements continued five times in months in the summer season with the coastal waters of the southern Baltic Sea (last spring, summer, and early autumn). The dependence of FIo/w on the presence of oil in seawater, the oil-in-water ratio, as well as months of the considered season has been demonstrated.

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Modelling the upwelling radiance detected in a seawater column for oil-in-water emulsion tracking

Lednicka,

Otremba,

Piskozub

2023

Sci Rep

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This study concerns changes in the solar light transfer in seawater as a result of the appearance of oil substances in the form of oil-in-water emulsions. The expected effect of the studies is to gather knowledge that would be useful in designing an optical sensor for monitoring oil substances penetrating the seawater column. The paper presents the process of the Monte Carlo modelling of the upwelling radiance detected by a virtual underwater sensor. Moreover, this article discusses the predicted difference between the intensity of the signal from the upwelling radiance meter and the signal from the downwelling radiance meter. The modelling results suggest that in order to obtain a strong signal indicating the presence of oil substances, the radiance meter should receive light running upwards in the sea depth.

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Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer Simulation to Analyze the Spectral Index for Remote Detection of Oil Dispersed in the Southern Baltic Sea Seawater Column: The Role of Water Surface State

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Light Penetrating the Seawater Column as the Indicator of Oil Suspension—Monte Carlo Modelling for the Case of the Southern Baltic Sea

Light Penetrating the Seawater Column as the Indicator of Oil Suspension—Monte Carlo Modelling for the Case of the Southern Baltic Sea

Fluorometric Detection of Oil Traces in a Sea Water Column

Modelling the upwelling radiance detected in a seawater column for oil-in-water emulsion tracking

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