Monte-Carlo-Based Impulse Response Modeling for Underwater Wireless Optical Communication

Abstract

Abstract-In underwater wireless optical communication links, the suspended particles in the water can lead to multiple path transmission of the light, causing the temporal dispersion and attenuation of beam pulse. The scattering phase function is a key parameter to model angle scattering in the Monte Carlo simulation and can be approximated by the commonly used Henyey-Greenstein (HG) phase function, but in turbid sea water environment, the HG phase function cannot match well with the measured value of the particle phase function. In this work, instead of using the HG phase function, we make use of the Petzold's measured data value of the scattering phase function in turbid sea water. We propose a numerical solution for the computing of the scattering angle based on the measured particle phase function and present the difference of effect on temporal dispersion between the measurement and HG phase function. Numerical results show that our model is more accurate than the widely used HG model. An analytic double Gamma function is used to fit the Monte Carlo simulation results, and a good fit is found between the double Gamma function and the Monte Carlo simulations.

Investigation of 3 dB Optical Intensity Spot Radius of Laser Beam under Scattering Underwater Channel

“…[20] MC CIR and normalized received optical power. [21] MC Different effects of two scattering angle computational principle on CIR.…”

A Simplified Form of Beam Spread Function in Underwater Wireless Optical Communication and its Applications

“…The integration is often divided into forward scattering and backward scattering. Normalizing V(ϕ) by b(λ) gives the scattering phase function (SPF), i.e., P(ϕ) [32]- [34]. The Henyey Greenstein parameter which is represented by g is the average cosine of the scattering angle over all directions.…”

“…The overall effect of background noise, thermal noise, and dark current in the photodetector which is modeled as additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is represented by n, with σ 2 n variance. By substituting (33) in (34), the overall SNR of the system is then calculated as:…”

Performance Analysis and Design Considerations of the Shallow Underwater Optical Wireless Communication System with Solar Noises Utilizing a Photon Tracing-Based Simulation Platform

“…In terms of experimental channel measurement, researchers in [13] established an experimental testbed to study the LD-UOWC channel characteristics by measuring the intensity of the light transmitted through different types of water. To overcome these limitations, the Monte Carlo numerical simulation method was developed to solve RTE and model the underwater channel; several works were reported in [14][15][16][17][18][19]. In [14], a Monte Carlo (MC) based approach was proposed to investigate the light attenuation and time-domain broadening effects in different types of seawater channels, the impact of the water quality, communication distance, and receiver aperture were also analyzed.…”

“…In [15,16], authors used the MC method and single-parameter chlorophyll concentration model to study the LED-UOWC scattering channel, the IOP, and path loss in different waters and different ranges were evaluated under various conditions. Authors in [17] adopted a double gamma function to fit the numerical simulation results of channel impulse response and investigated the fitting performance in coastal and harbor water. Using the Monte Carlo statistical method, authors in [18] simulated and analyzed the laser spot-expansion and time-domain broadening characteristics of the UOWC link.…”