Monosynaptic Input Mapping of Diencephalic Projections to the Cerebrospinal Fluid-Contacting Nucleus in the Rat

Song, Siyuan; Liu, Ying; Zhai, Xiaomeng; Li, Yue-Hao; Bao, Cheng-Yi; Shan, Cheng-Jing; Hong, Jia; Cao, Jun‐Li; Zhang, Licai

doi:10.3389/fnana.2020.00007

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…The mean CSF volume is 150 ml, with 25 ml in the ventricles and 125 ml in subarachnoid spaces [14]. CSF-contacting neurons (CSF-N) are present in the surface of both brain ventricles and the central canal (cc) in the spinal cord [15,16] as well as specific locations [17]. The CSF-Ns sense pH changes and motion in the hypothalamus [18].…”

Section: Csf Pulsatility and Circulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic Rhythmic Motion Effective on Peristaltic Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid: Hypothesis for Music- and Sport-Based Interventions

Tan¹,

Chiles²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons (CSF-N) located in the surface of both brain ventricles and the central canal (cc) in the spinal cord. The cc and CSF maintain a proliferative niche for neural progenitor cells and play a vital role in development of the brain. The CSF circulates in the ventricles and the subarachnoid spaces with the CSF rhythmic flow: cardiac pulsation and respiratory fluctuation. A new concept of CSF motion may be contrary to the classical one that the direction of CSF motion may vary in direction and may be dynamic in its location. The CSF pressure may also depend on the body position. Moderate music-making has been considered a potential approach for rehabilitative and restorative therapy of brain dysfunctions. Recently, we find that the CSF-Ns are present in both the interior CFS in the cc and also exterior CSF around the surface of the spinal cord. We hypothesize that CSF-N as mechanical sensors in the spinal cord could sense motion of the spinal cord. The myodural bridge is a ligament connecting a pair of deep, upper-neck muscles to the dura mater, which envelops the arachnoid mater and contains the CSF surrounding the brain and the spinal cord. We figure out the term “CSF-static compartment” and classify CSF storage location as rostral pool and caudal pool to demonstrate our hypothesis. We presume that the somatic body movement with music-making and rehabilitation-based interventions would orchestrate the CSF motion with head movement, myodural bridge stretching and puling as well as spinal bending.

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Section: Csf Pulsatility and Circulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic Rhythmic Motion Effective on Peristaltic Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid: Hypothesis for Music- and Sport-Based Interventions

Tan¹,

Chiles²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…It implies that the CSF-contacting nucleus may be considered as an important structure bridging the brain and CSF, or that it plays an extremely important role in physiological activities. Moreover, our recent studies reveal that this nucleus receives the projections from the hypothalamus (Song et al, 2020b ) and brainstem (Song et al, 2020a ), which implies that the CSF-contacting nucleus participates in complex and diverse neural circuits modulating different behaviors. The relationships with some of the life activities such as pain (Liu et al, 2017 ), stress (Wu et al, 2015 ), and drug addiction (Lu et al, 2011 ) have been already reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Novel Projections to the Cerebrospinal Fluid-Contacting Nucleus From the Subcortex and Limbic System in Rat

et al. 2020

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Objective: To identify the novel projections received by the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)contacting nucleus from the subcortex and limbic system to understand the biological functions of the nucleus. Methods: The cholera toxin subunit B (CB), a retrograde tracer, was injected into the CSF-contacting nucleus in Sprague-Dawley rats. After 7-10 days, the surviving rats were perfused, and the whole brain and spinal cord were sliced for CB immunofluorescence detection. The CB-positive neurons in the subcortex and limbic system were observed under a fluorescence microscope, followed by 3D reconstructed with the imaris software. Results: CB-positive neurons were found in the basal forebrain, septum, periventricular organs, preoptic area, and amygdaloid structures. Five functional areas including 46 sub-regions sent projections to the CSF-contacting nucleus. However, the projections had different densities, ranging from sparse to moderate, to dense. Conclusions: According to the projections from the subcortex and limbic system, we hypothesize that the CSF-contacting nucleus participates in emotion, cognition, homeostasis regulation, visceral activity, pain, and addiction. In this study, we illustrate the novel projections from the subcortex and limbic system to the CSF-contacting nucleus, which underlies the diverse and complicated circuits of the nucleus in body regulations.

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“…The CSF-contacting nucleus is believed to be a unique nucleus in the brain that participates in neuron-neuron and neuron-body fluid crosstalk, and thus possibly influences the regulation of multiple physiological processes [23][24][25][26]. Increasing evidence also suggests that the CSF-contacting nucleus mediates the transduction and regulation of pain signals and might be involved in the modulation of the descending inhibitory system [27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the endocannabinoids have been demonstrated to alter the permeability of the BBB in various pain disorders [16,30]. This may be due to their action in the periventricular area that is not protected by the BBB, or to the mediation of the function of the CSFcontacting nucleus [16,24,25,31]. We presumed that AEA and 2-AG synthesized in the brain tissue are released into the CSF and may act in a competitive way to regulate the function of the brain centers located in the vicinity of the cerebral ventricles and the fundus of the fourth ventricle, where the sensory and motor centers of the tested trigemino-hypoglossal reflex are located [32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Release of Endocannabinoids into the Cerebrospinal Fluid during the Induction of the Trigemino-Hypoglossal Reflex in Rats

Zubrzycki

Zubrzycka

Wysiadecki

et al. 2022

CIMB

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The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays an important role in pain processing and modulation. Since the specific effects of endocannabinoids within the orofacial area are largely unknown, we aimed to determine whether an increase in the endocannabinoid concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) caused by the peripheral administration of the FAAH inhibitor URB597 and tooth pulp stimulation would affect the transmission of impulses between the sensory and motor centers localized in the vicinity of the third and fourth cerebral ventricles. The study objectives were evaluated on rats using a method that allowed the recording of the amplitude of evoked tongue jerks (ETJ) in response to noxious tooth pulp stimulation and URB597 treatment. The amplitude of ETJ was a measure of the effect of endocannabinoids on the neural structures. The concentrations of the endocannabinoids tested (AEA and 2-AG) were determined in the CSF, along with the expression of the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) in the tissues of the mesencephalon, thalamus, and hypothalamus. We demonstrated that anandamide (AEA), but not 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), was significantly increased in the CSF after treatment with a FAAH inhibitor, while tooth pulp stimulation had no effect on the AEA and 2-AG concentrations in the CSF. We also found positive correlations between the CSF AEA concentration and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) expression in the brain, and between 2-AG and cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R), and negative correlations between the CSF concentration of AEA and brain CB2R expression, and between 2-AG and CB1R. Our study shows that endogenous AEA, which diffuses through the cerebroventricular ependyma into CSF and exerts a modulatory effect mediated by CB1Rs, alters the properties of neurons in the trigeminal sensory nuclei, interneurons, and motoneurons of the hypoglossal nerve. In addition, our findings may be consistent with the emerging concept that AEA and 2-AG have different regulatory mechanisms because they are involved differently in orofacial pain. We also suggest that FAAH inhibition may offer a therapeutic approach to the treatment of orofacial pain.

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Monosynaptic Input Mapping of Diencephalic Projections to the Cerebrospinal Fluid-Contacting Nucleus in the Rat

Cited by 9 publications

References 66 publications

Somatic Rhythmic Motion Effective on Peristaltic Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid: Hypothesis for Music- and Sport-Based Interventions

Somatic Rhythmic Motion Effective on Peristaltic Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid: Hypothesis for Music- and Sport-Based Interventions

Novel Projections to the Cerebrospinal Fluid-Contacting Nucleus From the Subcortex and Limbic System in Rat

Release of Endocannabinoids into the Cerebrospinal Fluid during the Induction of the Trigemino-Hypoglossal Reflex in Rats

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