Monosodium glutamate-induced oxidative damage and genotoxicity in the rat: modulatory role of vitamin C, vitamin E and quercetin

Abstract

<jats:p> Monosodium glutamate (MSG) continues to function as a flavor enhancer in West African and Asian diets. The present study examines the modulatory effects of dietary antioxidant vitamin C (VIT C), vitamin E (VIT E) and quercetin on MSG-induced oxidative damage in the liver, kidney and brain of rats. In addition, the effect of these antioxidants on the possible genotoxicity of MSG was investigated in a rat bone marrow micronuclei model. </jats:p><jats:p> MSG administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 4 mg/g body wt markedly increase malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in the liver, the kidney and brain of rats. Simultaneous administration of VIT C, VIT E and quercetin to MSG-treated rats significantly reduced this increase in MDA induced by MSG. VIT E reduced lipid peroxidation most in the liver followed by VIT C and then quercetin, while VIT C and quercetin showed a greater ability to protect the brain from membrane damage than VIT E. </jats:p><jats:p> The decreased glutathione (GSH) level elicited by MSG in the three organs corresponded with marked increase in the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST). While MSG increased (P B / 0.001) the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the liver, it decreased significantly the activities of these enzymes in the kidney and the brain. The three antioxidants were effective at ameliorating the effects of MSG on GSH levels and the enzymes in the three organs examined. While MSG increased the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver and kidneys of rats (P B / 0.001), the activity of the enzyme was abysmally low in the brain. There were marked increases in the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and g-glutamyl transferase in rats treated with MSG. The antioxidants tested protected against MSG-induced liver toxicity significantly. </jats:p><jats:p> MSG at a dose of 4 mg/g significantly (P B / 0.01) induced the formation of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs). Co-treatment of rats with VIT C and quercetin inhibited the induction of MNPCEs by MSG (P B / 0.001). VIT E failed to protect against MSG-induced genotoxicity. </jats:p><jats:p> The results indicate that dietary antioxidants have protective potential against oxidative stress induced by MSG and, in addition, suggest that active oxygen species may play an important role in its genotoxicity. </jats:p>

Antioxidant effect of phycocyanin on oxidative stress induced with monosodium glutamate in rats

“…Farombi and Onyema (2006), who found that the monosodium glutamate when was administered intraperitoneally at 4 mg/g of body weight dose, increased the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the rat's liver and brain. Farombi and Onyema (2006) showed significant reduction of the TBA levels of the rats treated with monosodium glutamate, with simultaneous administration of vitamin C, vitamin E and queracetin.…”

“…Farombi and Onyema (2006), who found that the monosodium glutamate when was administered intraperitoneally at 4 mg/g of body weight dose, increased the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the rat's liver and brain. Farombi and Onyema (2006) showed significant reduction of the TBA levels of the rats treated with monosodium glutamate, with simultaneous administration of vitamin C, vitamin E and queracetin. Rimbau et al (1999) reported the antioxidant potential of the protein Cphycocyanin extracted from S. platensis and showed that the metabolites of this protein had the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, thereby conferring a protective effect of oxidative stress on the hippocampus of the rats.…”

“…The animals were submitted to the treatments over a period of eight days. The treatments consisted of the administration of a phycocyanin solution by gavage, as attenuator of oxidative stress, and solution of monosodium glutamate, intraperitoneal, as a promoter of oxidative stress (Farombi and Onyema, 2006). The administered dose of phycocyanin was calculated with a reference to the daily intake of S. platensis nominated for a man with an average weight of about 60 kg was 5 g/d.…”

Asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene in Centella asiatica, attenuates glutamate-induced cognitive deficits in mice and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells

“…Effects of AA on MSG-induced oxidative stress It has been suggested that MSG can induce oxidative stress in the rat brain and that antioxidants may be effective at ameliorating this effect [35] . Therefore, we investigated the levels of lipid peroxidation and the activity of an antioxidant enzyme in the hippocampus and cortex.…”

THEEFFECTS OF CURCUMA RHIZOME EXTRACT (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.)TREATMENT USING VARIOUS DOSES TOWARDS ENDOMETRIAL THICKNESSIN MICE (Mus musculus) TREATED WITH MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE (MSG)

“…Further negative impact of MSG may occur if an adult consumes MSG with a dose more than 3g/day while one table spoon averagely comprises 4-6 g (Walker, 2000). MSG also triggers hypertension, asthma, cancer, diabetes, paralysis and decreasing intelligence.The given MSG by 4 mg/gBW toward mice resulted in the increasing amount of malondyaldehide (MDA) in lever, kidney, and brain (Farombi and Onyema, 2006 organ is interrupted. Hypothalamus secretes gonadotrophin releasing hormone that stimulates secretion of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) from anterior hypophysis.…”