Monose-modified organic electrochemical transistors for cell surface glycan analysis via competitive recognition to enzyme-labeled lectin

Abstract

A competitive strategy for glycan determination on cell surface with organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) has been developed. The carboxylic multi-wall carbon nanotubes were firstly immobilized on the gate interface to cross-link the specific monose with adipic dihydrazide as the linker, which could then competitively recognize horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled lectin with the target monose on the cell surface. The HRP captured on the gate interface through the affinity of lectin to monose finally catalyzed the reduction of hydrogen peroxide to produce the output current signal for detection of cell surface monose under the optimal gate voltage of 0.9 V. Using mannose and galactose groups as the target models, HRP-labeled concanavalin A and peanut agglutinin were used to competitively recognize these groups on both cell surface and gate interface, respectively. The amounts of mannose and galactose on HeLa cells were measured to be 3.41 × 10 8 and 2.92 × 10 8 molecules per cell, respectively. The changes of the mannose and galactose expressions upon external stimulation were also observed with the proposed biosensors, which showed consistent results with flow cytometric analysis, indicating that the OECT-based biosensor is suitable for analysis of different glycan expressions on cell surface.

A novel platform using homobifunctional hydrazide for enrichment and isolation of urinary circulating RNAs

“…Three miRNAs were observed to be upregulated in PCa cell lines and tissues in a recent study, and consistent overexpression of these miRNAs was found in several types of clinical samples, including plasma and urine from PCa patients 20,21,55 . Furthermore, these miRNAs have been implicated in the presence of cancer and have been shown to promote various cancer progression, migration, or invasion 56–59 . Our results confirmed that miR‐148a‐3p (mean RQ = 19.45 ± 34.51; p < 0.01), miR‐483‐5p (mean RQ = 49.53 ± 60.83; p < 0.001), and miR‐574‐3p (mean RQ = 17.28 ± 18.82; p < 0.001) were overexpressed in PCa compared to the control samples (mean RQ = 2.27 ± 2.73, 1.44 ± 1.58, and 1.35 ± 1.29, respectively).…”

“…20,21,55 Furthermore, these miRNAs have been implicated in the presence of cancer and have been shown to promote various cancer progression, migration, or invasion. [56][57][58][59] Our results confirmed…”

“… 20 , 21 , 55 Furthermore, these miRNAs have been implicated in the presence of cancer and have been shown to promote various cancer progression, migration, or invasion. 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 Our results confirmed that miR‐148a‐3p (mean RQ = 19.45 ± 34.51; p < 0.01), miR‐483‐5p (mean RQ = 49.53 ± 60.83; p < 0.001), and miR‐574‐3p (mean RQ = 17.28 ± 18.82; p < 0.001) were overexpressed in PCa compared to the control samples (mean RQ = 2.27 ± 2.73, 1.44 ± 1.58, and 1.35 ± 1.29, respectively). However, miR‐148a‐3p (mean RQ = 9.32 ± 13.51; p < 0.05), miR‐483‐5p (mean RQ = 6.98 ± 11.64; p < 0.05), and miR‐574‐3p (mean RQ = 4.68 ± 4.34; p < 0.01) were also overexpressed in BPH compared to control samples.…”

“… 41 , 42 , 55 HHs are commonly used for the preparation of specific glycoprotein conjugates and glycoprotein labeling and immobilization, and many studies have focused on protein interactions with HHs with regards to antibody labeling, metabolic labeling, circulating protein, and hydrazide‐modified nanomaterials, in addition to cancer‐related proteins for cancer diagnosis and therapy. 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 However, despite several advantages of HHs, the applications for molecular diagnostic platforms have been insufficiently explored. We reported a sample preparation that combines AZ and syringe filtration for the first time to develop a novel molecular diagnostic platform utilizing the advantages of HHs.…”

Unamplified and Real‐Time Label‐Free miRNA‐21 Detection Using Solution‐Gated Graphene Transistors in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis

“…[ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ] Electrochemical transistors have been considered to fulfill the portable device requirements of high‐throughput, ultrasensitive, cost‐effective, rapidly, and real‐time detection without amplification, and any chemical or biological labeling. [ 21 ] Diverse kinds of sensors, including DNA, [ 22 , 23 ] protein, [ 24 , 25 ] cell, [ 26 ] neurotransmitter, [ 27 , 28 , 29 ] virus, [ 30 , 31 ] glucose, [ 32 , 33 ] glycans, [ 34 , 35 ] ion, [ 36 , 37 , 38 ] and growth factor sensors [ 39 ] are designed based on transistors. SGGTs have been utilized in diverse biosensors due to their excellent biocompatibility, chemical stability, high mobility, and the ability to work at less than 1 V. SGGTs have been used in the detection of let‐7b, [ 40 , 41 ] miRNA‐4484, [ 42 ] and other common kinds of miRNA.…”