Monopolar cell axons in the first optic neuropil of the housefly, Musca domestica L., undergo daily fluctuations in diameter that have a circadian basis

Pyza, Elżbieta; Meinertzhagen, I. A.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-01-00407.1995

Cited by 75 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Two circadian modulations have in fact been described among columnar neurons in the lamina of the housefly in the L2 monopolar cells (28,29). In this cell class, the number of feedback synapses upon the terminals of photoreceptor cells increases during the night, thereby possibly modulating the sensitivity of the compound eye (28), and the girth of the axon in the lamina increases during the day (29). In the housefly, the PDH-immunoreactive fibers extend into the lamina, and PDH seems to be involved in the circadian swelling of the L2 axons (E. Pyza and I.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The period clock gene is expressed in central nervous system neurons which also produce a neuropeptide that reveals the projections of circadian pacemaker cells within the brain of Drosophila melanogaster.

Helfrich‐Förster

1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

377

307

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The period clock gene is expressed in central nervous system neurons which also produce a neuropeptide that reveals the projections of circadian pacemaker cells within ABSTRACTThe period protein (PER) is an essential component of the circadian clock in Drosophila melanogaster. Although PER-containing pacemaker cells have been previously identified in the brain, the neuronal network that comprises the circadian clock remained unknown. Here it is shown that some PER neurons are also immunostained with an antiserum against the crustacean pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH). This antiserum reveals the entire arborization pattern of these pacemaker cells. The arborizations of these neurons are appropriate for modulation of the activity of many neurons and they might interact with PER-containing glial cells. A putative physiological role of PDH in the circadian system is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The period clock gene is expressed in central nervous system neurons which also produce a neuropeptide that reveals the projections of circadian pacemaker cells within the brain of Drosophila melanogaster.

Helfrich‐Förster

1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

377

307

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“…Over the last 20 years, evidence has accumulated to reveal homologous genes involved in different aspects of neuronal plasticity between vertebrates and invertebrates. These include developmental plasticity in adults (60)(61)(62), synaptic plasticity (60,63), and behavioral plasticity (64,65). Recently, memory formation in fruit flies has been dissected genetically into component phases, just as has been done pharmacologically in vertebrates (66,67).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and biochemical characterization of dNOS: a Drosophila Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent nitric oxide synthase.

Regulski

Tully²

1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

227

144

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Nitric oxide (NO) is an intercellular messenger involved with various aspects of mammalian physiology ranging from vasodilation and macrophage cytotoxicity to neuronal transmission. NO is synthesized from L-arginine by NO synthase (NOS). Here, we report the cloning of a Drosophila NOS gene, dNOS, located at cytological position 32B.The dNOS cDNA encodes a protein of 152 kDa, with 43% amino acid sequence identity to rat neuronal NOS. Like mammalian NOSs, DNOS protein contains putative binding sites for calmodulin, FMN, FAD, and NADPH. DNOS activity is Ca2+/calmodulin dependent when expressed in cell culture. An alternative RNA splicing pattern also exists for dNOS, which is identical to that for vertebrate neuronal NOS. These structural and functional observations demonstrate remarkable conservation of NOS between vertebrates and invertebrates.Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized by NO synthases (NOSs) during conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline (for reviews, see refs. 1 and 2). Biochemical characterization of NOSs has distinguished two general classes: (i) constitutive, dependent on exogenous Ca2+/calmodulin, and (ii) inducible, independent of exogenous Ca2+/calmodulin. Analyses of cDNA clones have identified three distinct NOS genes in mammals (3-6): neuronal, endothelial, and macrophage. The neuronal and endothelial NOSs are constitutive, and the macrophage NOS is inducible. The nomenclature for these different isoforms used here is historical, as it is clear now that one or more isoforms can be present in the same tissue (7).As a diffusible, free-radical gas, NO is a multifunctional messenger affecting many diverse aspects of mammalian physiology (for review, see ref. 8), such as regulation of vascular tone, macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity, and cell-cell interactions in the nervous system, including synaptogenesis and apoptosis during development of the rat central nervous system (9) and during neuronal cell differentiation (10). NO also appears to be involved with long-term potentiation in hippocampus and with long-term depression in cerebellum, two forms of synaptic plasticity that may underlie behavioral plasticity (11-15). Consistent with these cellular studies, inhibition of NOS activity may disrupt learning (refs. 16-19, but see refs. 20 and 21).Many of the above results are based on pharmacological studies using inhibitors of NOS or donors of NO. Interpretations of such studies usually are limited because the drugs interact with more than one target and cannot be delivered to specific sites. A molecular genetic approach can overcome these problems, however, by disrupting a specific gene, the product of which may be one of the drug's targets. Recently, such an approach has been attempted in mice via generation of a knockout mutation of the neuronal NOS (nNOS) (22).While nNOS mutants appeared fully viable and fertile, minor defects in stomach morphology and hippocampal long-term potentiation were detected (22, 23). Taken together, the above reports suggest roles for NO in developmental and behav...

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“…But while visual processing at higher level has been studied relatively well in some insects (Strausfeld, 1989), crustacean compound eye research despite some excellent studies in relation to polarization sensitivity by, to name but a few, Legget (1976), Glantz and Bartels (1984), and Wang-Bennett and Glantz (1987), has lagged somewhat behind in this respect. Circadian anatomical changes affecting lamina cells have not been described yet from any crustacean eye, but are known to occur in, for example, the fly (Pyza and Meinertzhagen, 1995). Cyclic variations in ERG amplitude of several crustacean eyes have, however, been well documented (e.g., Arechiga et al, 1973;Barrera-Mera and Abaster, 1978;Meyer-Rochow and Tiang, 1984) and now lead us to examine the events that occur right at the onset of photoreception and culminate in a signal being sent from the receptor cell to the brain.…”

Section: Dark/light Adaptational Changes: Causes and Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural Changes of Rhabdoms of the Eyes of Ocypode Species in Relation to Different Regimes of Light and Dark Adaptation

Rosenberg

Länger

2001

Journal of Crustacean Biology

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Monopolar cell axons in the first optic neuropil of the housefly, Musca domestica L., undergo daily fluctuations in diameter that have a circadian basis

Abstract: * Ci rcadi an Size Changes m Monopol ar Cel l Axons * Ci rcadi an Size Changes i n Monopol ar Cel l Axons

Cited by 75 publications

References 44 publications

The period clock gene is expressed in central nervous system neurons which also produce a neuropeptide that reveals the projections of circadian pacemaker cells within the brain of Drosophila melanogaster.

The period clock gene is expressed in central nervous system neurons which also produce a neuropeptide that reveals the projections of circadian pacemaker cells within the brain of Drosophila melanogaster.

Molecular and biochemical characterization of dNOS: a Drosophila Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent nitric oxide synthase.

Ultrastructural Changes of Rhabdoms of the Eyes of Ocypode Species in Relation to Different Regimes of Light and Dark Adaptation

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